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Vijaya (Sanskrit for "victorious" [a]), also known as Vijayapura, was the capital of the Kingdom of Champa located in modern-day Bình Định province, Vietnam. It served as the capital of the Kingdom of Champa from the 12th century CE until it was conquered by Đại Việt during the Champa–Dai Viet War of 1471 .
The history of Champa begins in prehistory with the migration of the ancestors of the Cham people to mainland Southeast Asia and the founding of their Indianized maritime kingdom based in what is now central Vietnam in the early centuries AD, and ends when the final vestiges of the kingdom were annexed and absorbed by Vietnam in 1832.
The mutual struggle against the Mongol Yuan dynasty in the 13th century brought Đại Việt and Champa, formerly hostile states, close together.In 1306, Đại Việt retired emperor Trần Nhân Tông (r. 1278–1293) married off his daughter, Princess Huyen Tran (Queen Paramecvari), to king Chế Mân [note 1] (r. 1288–1307) of Champa as a confirmation of their alliance.
Vijaya was located in present-day Bình Định Province (Tumpraukvijaya). Early mention is made of Vijaya in an 1160 inscription at Po Nagar. [ 152 ] The capital has been identified with the archaeological site at Cha Ban.
Champa is famous as a Hindu civilization that dominated large parts of what is today Vietnam from the 7th century. While older historiography regarded Champa as a cohesive kingdom, newer research has revealed it as a complex of historical regions, from south to north Panduranga, Kauthara, Vijaya, Amaravati, and Indrapura.
The Cham also requested that Ming China intervene and help bring the Vietnamese back in line by force and demarcate the border between Champa and Vietnam. China, however, only verbally rebuked the Vietnamese for their incursion, as the Ming Chinese sought to preserve trade and border security rather than continue expansion.
Vietnam's ethnic mosaic results from the peopling process in which various peoples came and settled the territory, leading to the modern state of Vietnam by many stages, often separated by thousands of years over a duration of tens of thousands of years. Vietnam's entire history, thus, is an embroidery of polyethnicity. [14]
The Battle of Vijaya (Vietnamese: trận Đồ Bàn) between Đại Việt and the kingdom of Champa was a siege of Vijaya, the Cham capital, in 1377. [1] The Vietnamese forces were defeated and the Đại Việt emperor, Trần Duệ Tông , died as a result of the battle.