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Meters can be prepaid or postpaid, depending on the payment method. Most mechanical type water meters are of the postpaid type, as are electromagnetic and ultrasonic meters. With prepaid water meters, the user purchases and prepays for a given amount of water from a vending station.
Smart meters can also be used in communities who are serviced by standpipes to monitor the flow of water and report leakage or dysfunction. [citation needed] Installation of water management devices in Cape Town, South Africa has led to complaints by residents who perceive this intervention as a draconian, unilateral action by the City. [5]
A typical residential water meter A typical residential digital electric submeter Before submetering, many landlords either included the utility cost in the bulk price of the rent or lease , or divided the utility usage among the tenants in some way such as equally, by square footage via allocation methods often called RUBS (Ratio Utility ...
Within this choice set, the preferred water tariff depends on multiple factors including: the goals of water pricing; the capacity of a water services supplier to allocate its costs, to price water, and to collect revenues from its customers; the price responsiveness of water consumers; and what is considered to be a fair or just water tariff. [4]
Parking meters on Water Street in 1955. The meters cost five cents per hour during their use from 1947 to 1973. According to the recent study, representatives from the engineering firm Stantec ...
Prepaid meters. 170,000 prepaid meters were installed in poor townships of ... Another estimate puts the cost of free basic water at 5.84 Rand per capita per month ...
Gas water heaters cost between $600 and $2,700 to replace, for an average cost of about $1,650. Electric water heaters cost between $600 and $3,500 to replace , for an average cost of about $2,100.
The OECD conducted two surveys of residential water tariffs in 1999 and in 2007-08, using a reference consumption of 15 cubic meters per household and month. The 2007-08 survey covered more than 150 cities in all 30 OECD member countries.