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Pontifical vestments, also referred to as episcopal vestments or pontificals, are the liturgical vestments worn by bishops (and by concession some other prelates) in the Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, Anglican, and some Lutheran churches, in addition to the usual priestly vestments for the celebration of the Holy Mass, other sacraments, sacramentals, and canonical hours.
In Rome, subdeacons had begun to wear the tunicle by the sixth century, but Pope Gregory I made them return to the use of the chasuble.They began to use the tunicle again in the ninth century, a time when it was also worn by acolytes, a custom that was widespread until the late Middle Ages and can still occasionally be found in some Anglican and Catholic churches for acolytes and crucifers.
Previously, the pope wore it only when celebrating a solemn pontifical Mass, that is, only when all the pontifical vestments were used. The manner of putting on the fanon recalled the method of assuming the amice universal in the Middle Ages and that continued to be observed by some of the older religious orders .
A Roman Catholic deacon exhibiting a dalmatic and a biretta during a service in the Traditional Latin Rite Ornately embroidered dalmatic (shown from the back with a collarin) The dalmatic is a long, wide-sleeved tunic , which serves as a liturgical vestment in the Catholic , Lutheran , Anglican , United Methodist , and some other churches.
Pontifical gloves in the liturgical color violet. The episcopal gloves or pontifical gloves (chirothecœ, called also at an earlier date manicœ, wanti) are a Roman Catholic pontifical vestment worn by a bishop or other prelate, such as an abbot, when celebrating Solemn Pontifical Mass.
Ambrose, Bishop of Milan, wearing a casula over a sticharion (by this time, simply a type of long-sleeved tunic) and a small pectoral cross.. The vestments of the Nicene Church, East and West, developed out of the various articles of everyday dress worn by citizens of the Greco-Roman world under the Roman Empire.
Gold pontifical sandals. Episcopal sandals, also known as pontifical sandals, are a Catholic pontifical vestment worn by bishops when celebrating liturgical functions according to the pre–Vatican II rubrics, for example a Tridentine Solemn Pontifical Mass. In shape, episcopal sandals are more like loafers than sandals.
A French pontifical gremiale, c. 1650. A gremiale, sometimes anglicized as gremial, is a square or oblong cloth or apron which a Roman Catholic bishop wears over his lap during certain liturgical ceremonies, in order to protect his vestments (especially the chasuble). [1] [2] [3]