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In public key infrastructure (PKI) systems, a certificate signing request (CSR or certification request) is a message sent from an applicant to a certificate authority of the public key infrastructure (PKI) in order to apply for a digital identity certificate. The CSR usually contains the public key for which the certificate should be issued ...
The Microsoft Windows platform specific Cryptographic Application Programming Interface (also known variously as CryptoAPI, Microsoft Cryptography API, MS-CAPI or simply CAPI) is an application programming interface included with Microsoft Windows operating systems that provides services to enable developers to secure Windows-based applications using cryptography.
OpenSSL is a software library for applications that provide secure communications over computer networks against eavesdropping, and identify the party at the other end. It is widely used by Internet servers, including the majority of HTTPS websites. OpenSSL contains an open-source implementation of the SSL and TLS protocols.
Most commercial certificate authority (CA) software uses PKCS #11 to access the CA signing key [clarification needed] or to enroll user certificates. Cross-platform software that needs to use smart cards uses PKCS #11, such as Mozilla Firefox and OpenSSL (using an extension). It is also used to access smart cards and HSMs.
The PKI creates digital certificates which map public keys to entities, securely stores these certificates in a central repository and revokes them if needed. [8] [9] [10] A PKI consists of: [9] [11] [12] A certificate authority (CA) that stores, issues and signs the digital certificates;
A root certificate is the top-most certificate of the tree, the private key which is used to "sign" other certificates. All certificates signed by the root certificate, with the "CA" field set to true, inherit the trustworthiness of the root certificate—a signature by a root certificate is somewhat analogous to "notarizing" identity in the ...
It runs on a variety of operating systems, [5] including most Unix-like operating systems and Windows. Stunnel relies on the OpenSSL library to implement the underlying TLS or SSL protocol. Stunnel uses public-key cryptography with X.509 digital certificates to secure the SSL connection, and clients can optionally be authenticated via a ...
Windows uses the .p7b file name extension [6] for both these encodings. A typical use of a PKCS #7 file would be to store certificates and/or certificate revocation lists (CRL). Here's an example of how to first download a certificate, then wrap it inside a PKCS #7 archive and then read from that archive: