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Vitreomacular traction syndrome (VTS) is a medical condition in the eye that is the result of tractional forces (pulling) being placed on the retina. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] VTS is common in people who have an incomplete posterior vitreous detachment, a type of retinal detachment at the periphery of the retina. [ 1 ]
If these liquid pockets are close enough to the interface between the vitreous gel and the retina, they can cause complete separation of the vitreous from the retina in a normally occurring process in older humans called posterior vitreous detachment (PVD). PVD in of itself is not dangerous and a natural process. [citation needed]
A posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) is a condition of the eye in which the vitreous membrane separates from the retina. [1] It refers to the separation of the posterior hyaloid membrane from the retina anywhere posterior to the vitreous base (a 3–4 mm wide attachment to the ora serrata ).
During rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, fluid from the vitreous humor enters a retinal hole. The mechanisms by which retinal holes or tears form are not fully understood yet. The accumulation of fluid in the subretinal space and the tractional force of the vitreous on the retina result in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.
Long term vitreous traction (stretching) of the retina is thought to be what is associated with the increased risk of tears to the retina or retinal detachment. [1] Under a microscope looking at the histology of a cystic retinal tuft, an increase in glial cells , breaking down of the outer retina, and a loss in photoreceptor cells is often ...
Stage of vitreous hemorrhage. Peripheral neovascular tufts bleed and cause vitreous hemorrhage. Stage of vitreoretinal traction bands and tractional retinal detachment: Traction on the sea fan and adjacent retina causes traction retinal detachment.
Retinal detachment is typically painless, with symptoms often starting in the peripheral vision. [3] [9] [10] Symptoms of retinal detachment, as well as posterior vitreous detachment (which often, but not always, precedes it), may include: [3] [4] [9] [10] [12] Floaters suddenly appearing in the field of vision or a sudden increase in the ...
ERM commonly occurs due to posterior vitreous detachment, which can cause a tear in the internal limiting membrane (ILM), allowing microglial cells to migrate through the disrupted retinal architecture and interact with other cells at the vitreo-retinal interface, ultimately contributing to the formation of ERM. [54]