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This helped establish the Arab Empire (including the Rashidun, Umayyad, Abbasid Caliphates and also Fatimids) as the world's leading economic power throughout the 8th–13th centuries according to the political scientist John M. Hobson. [13] It is commonly believed that Mu‘awiya Ibn Abi Sufyan was the first planner and establisher of the ...
However, there are no records of open ocean Atlantic sailing, and their activity focused on Mediterranean, Red Sea, Persian Gulf, Arabian Sea and across to the Bay of Bengal. [31] The origins of the caravel ship, developed and used for long-distance travel by the Portuguese, and later by the rest of Iberians, since the 15th century, also date ...
Portugal sought to establish control over the sea route to India, necessitating a presence in the Gulf. The Portuguese established a foothold in Hormuz in 1507 and built the Fort of Our Lady of the Conception, effectively setting up the first European diplomatic and military presence in the region. [1] [2]
Michael Seamer Allen DFC** (15 March 1923 – 6 June 2001) was a British air navigator and radar operator of the Royal Air Force.During World War II, he participated in night fighter missions, for which he received the Distinguished Flying Cross, accompanied by two bars.
The invasion introduced Western inventions, such as the printing press, and ideas, such as liberalism and incipient nationalism, to the Middle East, eventually leading to the establishment of Egyptian independence and modernization under Muhammad Ali Pasha in the first half of the 19th century and eventually the Nahda, or Arab Renaissance.
This helped establish the Arab Empire (including the Rashidun, Umayyad, Abbasid and Fatimid caliphates) as the world's leading extensive economic power throughout the 8th–13th centuries according to the political scientist John M. Hobson. [45] The Belitung is the oldest discovered Arabic ship to reach the Asian sea, dating back over 1000 ...
The Russo-Turkish peace treaty allowed Russia to establish consulates wherever it wished in the Mediterranean, to open up trade routes with the Middle East, and to guarantee the safety of Christian pilgrims in the Holy Land, but made no mention of Zahir or of Russia's wartime territorial gains in the region. [33]
Captain George Forster Sadlier the first European to cross Arabia from east to west in 1819, publishing the book, Diary of a Journey Across Arabia from El Khatif in the Persian Gulf to Yanbu in the Red Sea, During the Year 1819 in 1866.