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The concentrations of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are expressed as parts per million by volume (abbreviated as ppmv, or ppm(v), or just ppm). To convert from the usual ppmv units to ppm mass (abbreviated as ppmm, or ppm(m)), multiply by the ratio of the molar mass of CO 2 to that of air, i.e. times 1.52 (44.01 divided by 28.96).
9 ppm (10 mg/m 3) 8-hour Not to be exceeded more than once per year 40 CFR 50.8: Ozone (O 3) Primary and Secondary 0.12 ppm (235 μg/m 3) 1-hour a: expected number of days per calendar year, with maximum hourly average concentration greater than 0.12 ppm, is equal to or less than 1 40 CFR 50.9: Primary and Secondary 0.070 ppm (140 μg/m 3) 8-hour
In terms of health effects, the guideline states that PM2.5 concentration of 10 is the lowest level at which total, cardiopulmonary and lung cancer mortality have been shown to increase with more than 95% confidence in response to long-term exposure to PM2.5. [2]
It is a health protection tool used to make decisions to reduce short-term exposure to air pollution by adjusting activity levels during increased levels of air pollution. The Air Quality Health Index also provides advice on how to improve air quality by proposing a behavioral change to reduce the environmental footprint.
1 volume percent = 10,000 ppmv (i.e., parts per million by volume) with a million being defined as 10 6. Care must be taken with the concentrations expressed as ppbv to differentiate between the British billion which is 10 12 and the USA billion which is 10 9 (also referred to as the long scale and short scale billion, respectively).
Emission standards are the legal requirements governing air pollutants released into the atmosphere.Emission standards set quantitative limits on the permissible amount of specific air pollutants that may be released from specific sources over specific timeframes.
A normal cubic meter (Nm 3) is the metric expression of gas volume at standard conditions and it is usually (but not always) defined as being measured at 0 °C and 1 atmosphere of pressure. A standard cubic foot (scf) is the USA expression of gas volume at standard conditions and it is often ( but not always ) defined as being measured at 60 ...
The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) considers that indoor air concentrations of carbon dioxide that exceed 1000 ppm are a marker suggesting inadequate ventilation. [91] The UK standards for schools say that carbon dioxide levels of 800 ppm or lower indicate that the room is well-ventilated. [92]