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In chemistry, polarity is a separation of electric charge leading to a molecule or its chemical groups having an electric dipole moment, with a negatively charged end and a positively charged end. Polar molecules must contain one or more polar bonds due to a difference in electronegativity between the bonded atoms.
The polarization is proportional to the macroscopic field by = = where is the electric permittivity constant and is the electric susceptibility. Using this proportionality, we find the local field as F = 1 3 ( ε r + 2 ) E {\displaystyle \mathbf {F} ={\tfrac {1}{3}}(\varepsilon _{\mathrm {r} }+2)\mathbf {E} } which can be used in the definition ...
In electrochemistry, polarization is a collective term for certain mechanical side-effects (of an electrochemical process) by which isolating barriers develop at the interface between electrode and electrolyte. These side-effects influence the reaction mechanisms, as well as the chemical kinetics of corrosion and metal deposition.
Polarization (antenna), the state of polarization (in the above sense) of electromagnetic waves transmitted by or received by a radio antenna; Dielectric polarization, charge separation in insulating materials: Polarization density, volume dielectric polarization; Dipolar polarization, orientation of permanent dipoles
In Organic chemistry, the inductive effect in a molecule is a local change in the electron density due to electron-withdrawing or electron-donating groups elsewhere in the molecule, resulting in a permanent dipole in a bond. [1] It is present in a σ (sigma) bond, unlike the electromeric effect which is present in a π (pi) bond.
In organic chemistry, the term stereoelectronic effect is also used to emphasize the relation between the electronic structure and the geometry (stereochemistry) of a molecule. The term polar effect is sometimes used to refer to electronic effects, but also may have the more narrow definition of effects resulting from non-conjugated substituents.
Molar refractivity, [1] [2], is a measure of the total polarizability of a mole of a substance.. For a perfect dielectric which is made of one type of molecule, the molar refractivity is proportional to the polarizability of a single molecule of the substance.
Polarization is observed in the light of the sky, as this is due to sunlight scattered by aerosols as it passes through Earth's atmosphere. The scattered light produces the brightness and color in clear skies. This partial polarization of scattered light can be used to darken the sky in photographs, increasing the contrast.