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Taurine (/ ˈ t ɔː r iː n /), or 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid, is a non-proteinogenic naturally occurring amino sulfonic acid that is widely distributed in animal tissues. [1] It is a major constituent of bile and can be found in the large intestine, and accounts for up to 0.1% of total human body weight.
CSAD plays a role in taurine production by decarboxylating CSA to hypotaurine. Taurine is the most abundant amino acid in mammals and plays roles as an antioxidant, membrane stabilizer and neurotransmitter or neuromodulator in the CNS [9] and recently has received growing attention as a biomarker for different diseases. [10]
Thus CDO is necessary for hypotaurine/taurine and sulfite/sulfate production. The role of CDO may vary between cell types as it can either be used primarily for taurine or sulfate production or for degradation of cysteine. [1] CDO reaction scheme showing cysteine sulfinic acid formation from cysteine by dioxygen incorporation
Synthesis of bile acids is a major route of cholesterol metabolism in most species other than humans. The body produces about 800 mg of cholesterol per day and about half of that is used for bile acid synthesis producing 400–600 mg daily. Human adults secrete between 12 and 18 g of bile acids into the intestine each day, mostly after meals.
In humans, primary bile acids are synthesized from cholesterol in the liver to form either cholic acid (CA) or chenodeoxycholic acid [clarification needed] (CDCA). [7] These primary bile acids are then conjugated to the amino acids glycine or taurine and stored in the gallbladder. [7]
TauD is an alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase catalyzing the oxygenolytic release of sulfite from taurine. [1] The 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid/alpha-ketoglutarate dioxygenase from Burkholderia sp. (strain RASC) also belongs to this family. [ 2 ]
UDCA and its taurine conjugates comprise about 47% of the bile in American black bears and up to 76% in Asiatic bears. [1] [3] Ursodeoxycholic acid and tauroursodeoxycholic acid were first chemically synthesized in 1954 in Japan. [1] Ursodeoxycholic acid is produced in several countries for the treatment of gallstones and primary biliary ...
In enzymology, a tauropine dehydrogenase (EC 1.5.1.23) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction. tauropine + NAD + + H 2 O taurine + pyruvate + NADH + H +. The 3 products of this enzyme are tauropine, NAD +, and H 2 O, whereas its 4 substrates are taurine, pyruvate, NADH, and H +.
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