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The cultural revolution was a set of activities carried out in Soviet Russia and the Soviet Union, aimed at a radical restructuring of the cultural and ideological life of society. The goal was to form a new type of culture as part of the building of a socialist society , [ 1 ] [ 2 ] including an increase in the proportion of people from ...
The Cultural Revolution Cemetery in Chongqing, where 400–500 people killed in factional clashes are buried, out of a total of at least 1,700 deaths. [116] Violent struggles were factional conflicts (mostly among Red Guards and "rebel groups") that began in Shanghai and then spread to other areas in 1967. They brought the country to a state of ...
Stalin's adversary, Leon Trotsky, was highly critical of this rigid approach towards the arts. [36] He viewed cultural conformity as an expression of Stalinism in which "the literary schools were strangled one after the other" and the method of command extended across various areas from scientific agriculture to music. [37]
Stalin desired a "cultural revolution", [273] entailing both the creation of a culture for the "masses" and the wider dissemination of previously elite culture. [274] He oversaw a proliferation of schools, newspapers, and libraries, as well as advancement of literacy and numeracy. [275]
The Great Turn or Great Break (Russian: Великий перелом) was the radical change in the economic policy of the USSR from 1928 to 1929, primarily consisting of the process by which the New Economic Policy (NEP) of 1921 was abandoned in favor of the acceleration of collectivization and industrialization and also a cultural revolution.
[95] Stalin's Politburo also issued directives on quotas for mass arrests and executions. [96] Under Stalin, the death penalty was extended to adolescents as young as 12 years old in 1935. [97] [98] [99] After that, several trials, known as the Moscow Trials, were held, but the procedures were replicated throughout the country.
Stalin responded to Trotsky's pamphlet with his article, "October and Comrade Trotsky's Theory of Permanent Revolution". [34] In it, Stalin stated, that he did not believe an inevitable conflict between the working class and the peasants would take place, further adding that "socialism in one country is completely possible and probable". [34]
Following the death of Joseph Stalin in 1953, successor to Soviet premiership Nikita Khrushchev would reaffirm the Communist Party of the Soviet Union's ideological dedication to the concepts of "criticism and self criticism" in the conclusion to the 1956 speech before the 20th Party Congress, while also denouncing the policies and actions of ...