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Metronomic therapy is a new type of chemotherapy in which anti-cancer drugs are administered in a lower dose than the maximum tolerated dose repetitively over a long period to treat cancers with fewer side effects. Metronomic therapy is shown to affect both tumor microenvironment and tumor cells to achieve its therapeutic effects. [1]
JX-594 is an oncolytic virus is designed to target and destroy cancer cells. [1] It is also known as Pexa-Vec, [2] INN pexastimogene devacirepvec [3]) and was constructed in Dr. Edmund Lattime's lab at Thomas Jefferson University, tested in clinical trials on melanoma patients, and licensed and further developed by SillaJen.
Cyclophosphamide is a pregnancy category D drug and causes birth defects. First trimester exposure to cyclophosphamide for the treatment of cancer or lupus displays a pattern of anomalies labeled "cyclophosphamide embryopathy", including growth restriction, ear and facial abnormalities, absence of digits and hypoplastic limbs. [17]
Metronomic chemotherapy, which involves regularly giving patients low dosages of chemotherapy drugs, is one instance of this. [46] This technique has been shown to have the potential to change the tumor microenvironment and limit tumor growth. [47] It is yet unknown how best to employ metronomic chemotherapy, especially for varied cancer types ...
For example, the CHOP regimen consists of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone. Besides chemotherapy, medical oncology (pharmacotherapy for cancer) includes several noncytotoxic classes of therapy, such as hormonal therapy and targeted therapy (biologic therapy). Those agents are described in the relevant articles.
Depending on the person, the cancer, the stage of cancer, the type of chemotherapy, and the dosage, intravenous chemotherapy may be given on either an inpatient or an outpatient basis. For continuous, frequent or prolonged intravenous chemotherapy administration, various systems may be surgically inserted into the vasculature to maintain access.
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The majority of drugs used in cancer chemotherapy are cytostatic, many via cytotoxicity. A fundamental philosophy of medical oncology , including combination chemotherapy, is that different drugs work through different mechanisms, and that the results of using multiple drugs will be synergistic to some extent.