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In the sequence of the Second Punic War, the Roman Republic defeated Carthage and its colonies in the Mediterranean Coast of the Iberian Peninsula. This marked the first incursion of the Roman Republic into the peninsula and possibly the first clash between Lusitanians and Romans, as Lusitanian mercenaries fought on the Carthaginian side during the Punic Wars.
The conquest of Oxthracae terrified the surrounding tribes, including the Vettones, who immediately sought terms of surrender, temporarily securing Roman dominance in the region, however, once Atilius withdrew his forces to winter quarters, the Lusitanians revolted and besieged some of Rome's allied settlements.
In response to the Lusitanian battles, Mummius pursued the Lusitanian forces into Africa. Mummius successfully defeated the Lusitanian rebels and ended the siege at Ocile. Mummius successfully defeated the Lusitanian rebels and ended the siege at Ocile.
The Iberian Peninsula in the time of Hadrian (ruled 117–138 AD) showing, in western Iberia, the imperial province of Lusitania (Portugal and Extremadura). Lusitania (/ ˌ l uː s ɪ ˈ t eɪ n i ə /; Classical Latin: [luːsiːˈtaːnia]) was an ancient Iberian Roman province encompassing most of modern-day Portugal (south of the Douro River) and a large portion of western Spain (the present ...
Lusitanian mercenaries fought for Carthage between the years 218 and 201 BC, during the Second Punic War against Rome. Silius Italicus describes them as forming a combined force with the Gallaeci and both being led by a commander named Viriathus (not to be confused with the similarly named chieftain). [ 9 ]
When they got in, he had them killed by the army. This is similar to the kind of treachery with which Servius Sulpicius Galba butchered many Lusitanians to end their rebellion of 155–150 BC (see Lusitanian War and Viriathic War section). [150] In 82 BC, there was a Celtiberian rebellion. Gaius Valerius Flaccus was sent against them and killed ...
Viriathus (also spelled Viriatus; known as Viriato in Portuguese and Spanish; died 139 BC) was the most important leader of the Lusitanian people that resisted Roman expansion into the regions of western Hispania (as the Romans called it) or western Iberia (as the Greeks called it), where the Roman province of Lusitania would be finally established after the conquest.
Viriathus had been leading a successful guerrilla war against the Romans. In one of these engagements, he ambushed and defeated the Roman commander Caius Vetilius, who had been pursuing him in Tribola. Viriathus used the terrain to his advantage, hiding in dense thickets before launching a surprise attack.