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  2. Opisthotonus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opisthotonus

    Opisthotonus or opisthotonos (from Ancient Greek: ὄπισθεν, romanized: opisthen, lit. 'behind' and τόνος , tonos , 'tension') is a state of severe hyperextension and spasticity in which an individual's head, neck and spinal column enter into a complete "bridging" or "arching" position.

  3. Ancient Greek phonology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greek_phonology

    Ancient Greek phonology is the reconstructed phonology or pronunciation of Ancient Greek.This article mostly deals with the pronunciation of the standard Attic dialect of the fifth century BC, used by Plato and other Classical Greek writers, and touches on other dialects spoken at the same time or earlier.

  4. Phonaesthetics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonaesthetics

    Phonaesthetics (also spelled phonesthetics in North America) is the study of the beauty and pleasantness associated with the sounds of certain words or parts of words.The term was first used in this sense, perhaps by J. R. R. Tolkien, [1] during the mid-20th century and derives from Ancient Greek φωνή (phōnḗ) 'voice, sound' and αἰσθητική (aisthētikḗ) 'aesthetics'.

  5. North American English regional phonology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_American_English...

    Regional dialects in North America are historically the most strongly differentiated along the Eastern seaboard, due to distinctive speech patterns of urban centers of the American East Coast like Boston, New York City, and certain Southern cities, all of these accents historically noted by their London-like r-dropping (called non-rhoticity), a feature gradually receding among younger ...

  6. Phonetic transcription - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonetic_transcription

    The pronunciation of words in all languages changes over time. [1] However, their written forms (orthography) are often not modified to take account of such changes, and do not accurately represent the pronunciation. Words borrowed from other languages may retain the spelling from the original language, which may have a different system of ...

  7. Consonant voicing and devoicing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consonant_voicing_and...

    Initial voicing is a process of historical sound change in which voiceless consonants become voiced at the beginning of a word. For example, modern German sagen [ˈzaːɡn̩] , Yiddish זאָגן [ˈzɔɡn̩] , and Dutch zeggen [ˈzɛɣə] (all "say") all begin with [z] , which derives from [s] in an earlier stage of Germanic, as is still ...

  8. Concatenative synthesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concatenative_synthesis

    Concatenative synthesis for music started to develop in the 2000s in particular through the work of Schwarz [2] and Pachet [3] (so-called musaicing). The basic techniques are similar to those for speech, although with differences due to the differing nature of speech and music: for example, the segmentation is not into phonetic units but often into subunits of musical notes or events.

  9. Phonetic notation of the American Heritage Dictionary

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonetic_notation_of_the...

    The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (abbreviated AHD) uses a phonetic notation based on the Latin alphabet to transcribe the pronunciation of spoken English. It and similar respelling systems, such as those used by the Merriam-Webster and Random House dictionaries, are familiar to US schoolchildren.