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Phosphate nephropathy or nephrocalcinosis [1] is an adverse renal condition that arises with a formation of phosphate crystals within the kidney's tubules. This renal insufficiency is associated with the use of oral sodium phosphate (OSP) such as C.B. Fleet's Phospho soda and Salix's Visocol, for bowel cleansing prior to a colonoscopy.
The use of Phospho soda has been known to lead to acute phosphate nephropathy. According to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), "Acute phosphate nephropathy is a form of acute kidney injury that is associated with deposits of calcium-phosphate crystals in the renal tubules that may result in permanent renal function impairment.
Macrogol came into use as a bowel prep in 1980 and was approved for medical use in the United States in 1999. [ 10 ] [ 11 ] [ 12 ] It is available as a generic medication and over the counter . [ 3 ] [ 13 ] In 2022, it was the 209th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 1 million prescriptions.
For instance, if you have a chronic bowel condition, a family history of colon polyps or a family history of colon cancer, you may need your first screening colonoscopy earlier than 45 years old ...
Sodium phosphates are popular in commerce in part because they are inexpensive and because they are nontoxic at normal levels of consumption. [4] However, oral sodium phosphates when taken at high doses for bowel preparation for colonoscopy may in some individuals carry a risk of kidney injury under the form of phosphate nephropathy.
Whole bowel irrigation with polyethylene glycol and added electrolytes is used for bowel preparation before surgery or colonoscopy or for children with constipation. [6] Macrogol (with brand names such as Laxido, Movicol and Miralax) is the generic name for polyethylene glycol used as a laxative. The name may be followed by a number that ...
Prior to surgery, the bowels are typically cleared with a routine called bowel prep. [20] Bowel prep can be performed at home the 1–2 days before surgery or in some instances, occurs in a hospital before the operation. [20] Bowel prep may require magnesium citrate drink to empty the colon. [21] Bowel prep is done to reduce infection risk. [22]
The healthy kidney diet restricts large amounts of protein, which are hard for the kidney to break down, but especially limits potassium and phosphorus-rich foods and beverages. Liquid intake is often limited as well. [55] [57] Ketogenic diet: A high-fat, low-carb diet, in which dietary and body fat is converted into energy.