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Since the eccentricity of a hyperbola is always greater than one, the center B must lie outside of the reciprocating circle C. This definition implies that the hyperbola is both the locus of the poles of the tangent lines to the circle B, as well as the envelope of the polar lines of the points on B.
The eccentricity of an ellipse is strictly less than 1. When circles (which have eccentricity 0) are counted as ellipses, the eccentricity of an ellipse is greater than or equal to 0; if circles are given a special category and are excluded from the category of ellipses, then the eccentricity of an ellipse is strictly greater than 0.
With eccentricity just over 1 the hyperbola is a sharp "v" shape. At = the asymptotes are at right angles. With > the asymptotes are more than 120° apart, and the periapsis distance is greater than the semi major axis. As eccentricity increases further the motion approaches a straight line.
where e is the eccentricity and l is the semi-latus rectum. As above, for e = 0, the graph is a circle, for 0 < e < 1 the graph is an ellipse, for e = 1 a parabola, and for e > 1 a hyperbola. The polar form of the equation of a conic is often used in dynamics; for instance, determining the orbits of objects revolving about the Sun. [20]
The semi-major axis of this hyperbola is | | and the eccentricity is | |. This hyperbola is illustrated in figure 2. This hyperbola is illustrated in figure 2. Relative the usual canonical coordinate system defined by the major and minor axis of the hyperbola its equation is
Note that non-elliptic trajectories also exist, but are not closed, and are thus not orbits. If the eccentricity is greater than one, the trajectory is a hyperbola. If the eccentricity is equal to one, the trajectory is a parabola. Regardless of eccentricity, the orbit degenerates to a radial trajectory if the angular momentum equals zero.
If the semi-major axis is less than the linear eccentricity (< <), the equation defines a hyperbola, while if the semi-major axis is greater than the linear eccentricity (>), it defines an ellipse.
So, by the AF+BG theorem, the tangential equation of C has the form HP + KQ = 0. Since C has class m, H must be a constant and K but have degree less than or equal to m − 2. The case H = 0 can be eliminated as degenerate, so the tangential equation of C can be written as P + fQ = 0 where f is an arbitrary polynomial of degree 2m. [1]