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Epistemology (aka theory of knowledge) – branch of philosophy concerned with knowledge. [1] The term was introduced into English by the Scottish philosopher James Frederick Ferrier (1808–1864). [2] Epistemology asks questions such as: "What is knowledge?", "How is knowledge acquired?", and "What do people know?"
It studies how knowledge is acquired, stored, retrieved, and communicated. [194] Special interest is given to how knowledge is reproduced and changes in relation to social and cultural circumstances. [195] In this context, the term knowledge is used in a very broad sense, roughly equivalent to terms like understanding and culture. [196]
The scope of the history of knowledge encompass all the discovered and created fields of human-derived knowledge such as logic, philosophy, mathematics, science, sociology, psychology and data mining. [3] The history of knowledge is an academic discipline that studies forms of knowledge in the recorded past. [4]
The locus of knowledge is not the written word or symbol but the community of expert practitioners (this includes communities of theorists). Individuals' knowledge must be acquired by contact with the relevant community rather than by transferring programmes of instruction. [4]: 159 Enculturation is mostly studied in sociology and anthropology.
The consideration of social dimensions of knowledge in relation to philosophy started in 380 B.C.E with Plato’s dialogue: Charmides. [2] This dialogue included Socrates' argument about whether anyone is capable of examining if another man's claim that he knows something, is true or not. [1]
It questions what knowledge is and how it can be acquired, and the extent to which knowledge pertinent to any given subject or entity can be acquired. Much of the debate in this field has focused on the philosophical analysis of the nature of knowledge and how it relates to connected notions such as truth, belief, and justification.
Philosophy of culture is a branch of philosophy that examines the essence and meaning of culture. It focuses on how human creativity, rationality, and collective experiences shape cultural identities. It traces the development of cultural thought from early modern discussions on national identity and Enlightenment ideals, through German and ...
In the philosophy of mind, innatism is the view that the mind is born with already-formed ideas, knowledge, and beliefs. The opposing doctrine, that the mind is a tabula rasa (blank slate) at birth and all knowledge is gained from experience and the senses, is called empiricism.