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Blepharitis is characterized by chronic inflammation of the eyelid, usually at the base of the eyelashes. [3] [4] [5] Symptoms include inflammation, irritation, itchiness, a burning sensation, excessive tearing, and crusting and sticking of eyelids. [3] [4] Additional symptoms may include visual impairment such as photophobia and blurred vision.
Scleritis is a serious inflammatory disease that affects the white outer coating of the eye, known as the sclera. The disease is often contracted through association with other diseases of the body, such as granulomatosis with polyangiitis or rheumatoid arthritis. There are three types of scleritis: diffuse scleritis (the most common), nodular ...
Primary sites of inflammation include the vitreous of which other such entities as pars planitis, posterior cyclitis, and hyalitis are encompassed. Intermediate uveitis may either be an isolated eye disease or associated with the development of a systemic disease such as multiple sclerosis or sarcoidosis. As such, intermediate uveitis may be ...
Orbital cellulitis is inflammation of eye tissues behind the orbital septum. It is most commonly caused by an acute spread of infection into the eye socket from either the adjacent sinuses or through the blood. It may also occur after trauma. When it affects the rear of the eye, it is known as retro-orbital cellulitis.
While the eye is a relatively protected environment, its immune mechanisms may be overcome resulting in inflammation and tissue destruction associated with T-cell activation. Uveitis is an ophthalmic emergency that requires urgent control of the inflammation to prevent vision loss.
In many cases the cause of panuveitis is unknown. [5] Possible causes include exogenous or endogenous infection, injury, or an autoimmune disease. Endogenous infections caused by syphilis, tuberculosis, mumps, smallpox, influenza, toxoplasmosis, lupus, sarcoidosis, and immune-related inflammations such as Behcet syndrome or Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada disease causes panuveitis.
Eyelid dermatitis is commonly related to atopic dermatitis or allergic contact dermatitis. [1] Volatile substances, tosylamide/formaldehyde resin, epoxy hardeners, insect repellent sprays, and lemon peel oil may be implicated, with many cases of eyelid contact dermatitis being caused by substances transferred by the hands to the eyelids.
Episcleritis is a benign, self-limiting inflammatory disease affecting part of the eye called the episclera.The episclera is a thin layer of tissue that lies between the conjunctiva and the connective tissue layer that forms the white of the eye ().