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The cerebellopontine angle (CPA) (Latin: angulus cerebellopontinus) is located between the cerebellum and the pons. [1] The cerebellopontine angle is the site of the cerebellopontine angle cistern. [2] The cerebellopontine angle is also the site of a set of neurological disorders known as the cerebellopontine angle syndrome.
The cerebellopontine angle syndrome is a distinct neurological syndrome of deficits that can arise due to the closeness of the cerebellopontine angle to specific cranial nerves. [1] Indications include unilateral hearing loss (85%), speech impediments, disequilibrium, tremors or other loss of motor control.
The cerebellopontine cistern [2] (also pontocerebellar cistern, [1] cerebellopontine angle cistern, or angle cistern [2]) is a paired subarachnoid cistern at the cerebellopontine angle, an angle created between the cerebellum and the pons on either side. Each cerebellopontine cistern is continuous anteromedially with the prepontine cistern. [2]
The lateral aperture, lateral aperture of fourth ventricle or foramen of Luschka (after anatomist Hubert von Luschka) [1] is an opening at the lateral extremity of either lateral recess of the fourth ventricle opening anteriorly [2] into (sources differ) the pontine cistern [2] /lateral cerebellomedullary cistern at cerebellopontine angle. [3]
Pons (cerebellopontine angle) above olive Located in and runs through the internal acoustic canal to the facial canal and exits at the stylomastoid foramen. Provides motor innervation to the muscles of facial expression, posterior belly of the digastric muscle, stylohyoid muscle, and stapedius muscle.
The junction of pons, medulla oblongata, and cerebellum forms the cerebellopontine angle. [6] The superior pontine sulcus separates the pons from the midbrain. [7] Posteriorly, the pons curves on either side into a middle cerebellar peduncle. [4] A cross-section of the pons divides it into a ventral and a dorsal area.
The entire pathway begins and ends in the cerebral cortex, and its entire course is the following: [2] (Motor and sensory areas of) cerebral cortex → corticopontine fibers → (ipsilateral) nuclei pontis (synapse) → pontocerebellar fibers (decussation within pons) → middle cerebellar peduncle → (contralateral) (cerebellar cortex and (collaterals) dentate nucleus of) posterior lobe of ...
Thanks to the number of different nuclei located within the pontine tegmentum, it is a region associated with a range of functions including sensory and motor functions (due to the cranial nuclei and fiber tracts), control of stages of sleep and levels of arousal and vigilance (due to the ascending cholinergic systems), and some aspects of respiratory control.