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2G, or second-generation cellular network technology, marks the transition from analog to digital communication in mobile networks. Defined by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) under the GSM standard, which became the first globally adopted framework for mobile communications, 2G was first commercially launched in 1991 by Radiolinja (now part of Elisa Oyj) in Finland. [1]
The second mobile provider to shut down its GSM network (on 1 January 2017) was AT&T Mobility from the United States. [19] Optus in Australia completed the shut down of its 2G GSM network on 1 August 2017, part of the Optus GSM network covering Western Australia and the Northern Territory had earlier in the year been shut down in April 2017. [20]
Cellular network standards and generation timeline. This is a comparison of standards of wireless networking technologies for devices such as mobile phones.A new generation of cellular standards has appeared approximately every tenth year since 1G systems were introduced in 1979 and the early to mid-1980s.
2G (or 2-G) provides three primary benefits over their predecessors: phone conversations are digitally encrypted; 2G systems are significantly more efficient on the spectrum allowing for far greater mobile phone penetration levels; and 2G introduced data services for mobile, starting with SMS (Short Message Service) plain text-based messages. 2G technologies enable the various mobile phone ...
A new addition has been the quad-band phone, also known as a World Phone, [5] supporting at least all four major GSM bands, allowing for global use (excluding non-GSM countries such as Japan, South Korea and as well countries where 2G system was shut down to release frequencies and spectrum for LTE networks like Australia (since 2017 ...
In addition to radio frequencies used to connect handsets with cellular base stations, other parts of the radio spectrum are used to interconnect base stations and the wired telephone network. Some frequency bands may be vulnerable to interference by existing services in adjacent frequency bands, such as UHF television broadcasting.
The network was on a trial with some selected members of the public (about 20,000 people). As of 2014, 4G LTE services are on (band 3) 1800 MHz. In addition, (band 28) 700 MHz is on trial in central Auckland; 700 MHz ought to be able to penetrate large buildings. [10] 2degrees shut down their 2G network on 15 March 2018. [11]
A variant, so called Compact-EDGE, was developed for use in a portion of Digital AMPS network spectrum. [3] EDGE is part of ITU's 3G definition. [4] Evolved EDGE continues in release 7 of the 3GPP standard providing reduced latency and more than doubled performance e.g. to complement High-Speed Packet Access . Peak bit-rates of up to 1 Mbit/s ...