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The Chinese constitution describes China's system of government as a people's democratic dictatorship. [41] The CCP has also used other terms to officially describe China's system of government including "socialist consultative democracy", and whole-process people's democracy. [42]
China is not a liberal or representative democracy. The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and the Chinese government state that China is a socialist democracy and a people's democratic dictatorship. [4] Under Xi Jinping, China is also termed a whole-process people's democracy.
The concept of people's democratic dictatorship is rooted in the "new" type of democracy promoted by Mao Zedong in Yan'an during the Chinese Civil War. [2] [3] In a September 1948 report to the Politburo, Mao called for establishing "a people's democratic dictatorship based on an alliance of workers and peasants under proletarian leadership."
Article 1 of the Constitution describes China as "a socialist state under the people's democratic dictatorship" [6] meaning that the system is based on an alliance of the working classes—in communist terminology, the workers and peasants—and is led by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), the vanguard of the working class.
Britannica and various authors noted that the policies of Vladimir Lenin, the first leader of the Soviet Union, contributed to the establishment of a totalitarian system in the USSR, [3] [7] but while some authors, such as Leszek Kolakowski, believed Stalinist totalitarianism to be a continuation of Leninism [7] and directly called Lenin's ...
Under Hu, China maintained its high rate of economic growth, ... the country is commonly described as an authoritarian one-party state and a dictatorship, [189] ...
Under the PRC's constitution, the President of the People's Republic of China is a largely ceremonial office with limited powers. [27] However, since 1993, as a matter of convention, the presidency has been held simultaneously by the General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party, the top leader in the one-party system. [28]
Ringen tries to question the purpose of the party-state itself and the extent and importance of ideology in Chinese governance. The basis of his observation is that China is neither an authoritarian state, and neither is it a dictatorship, the former having too soft of connotations, and the latter implying a too crude of a regime, traditionally simply in place to support the interests of a ...