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Avian infectious bronchitis (IB) is an acute and highly contagious respiratory disease of chickens.The disease is caused by avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), a coronavirus (Coronaviridae, Orthocoronavirinae, genus Gammacoronavirus, subgenus Igacovirus), [1] and characterized by respiratory signs including gasping, coughing, sneezing, tracheal rales, and nasal discharge.
Virulent Newcastle disease (VND), formerly exotic Newcastle disease, [1] is a contagious viral avian disease affecting many domestic and wild bird species; it is transmissible to humans. [2] Though it can infect humans, most cases are non-symptomatic; rarely it can cause a mild fever and influenza-like symptoms and/or conjunctivitis in humans.
A zoonosis (/ z oʊ ˈ ɒ n ə s ɪ s, ˌ z oʊ ə ˈ n oʊ s ɪ s / ⓘ; [1] plural zoonoses) or zoonotic disease is an infectious disease of humans caused by a pathogen (an infectious agent, such as a bacterium, virus, parasite, or prion) that can jump from a non-human vertebrate to a human.
The symptoms are highly fatal to turkeys, but effect less damage in chickens. However, outbreaks in chickens may result in high morbidity, moderate mortality, and extensive culling, leading to overall poor flock performance. [3] Concurrence of Salmonella typhmurium and E. coli was found to cause high mortality in broiler chickens. [6]
Poultry diseases occur in poultry, which are domesticated birds kept for their meat, eggs or feathers. [1] Poultry species include the chicken , turkey , duck , goose and ostrich . [ 1 ]
Dermanyssus gallinae (also known as the red mite) is a haematophagous ectoparasite of poultry.It has been implicated as a vector of several major pathogenic diseases. [1] [2] Despite its common names, it has a wide range of hosts including several species of wild birds and mammals, including humans, where the condition it causes is called gamasoidosis.
The disease presents in two very different forms: acute and chronic. Birds with chronic avian cholera, more common in domestic fowl, exhibit prolonged illness with more localized infections. Chronic infection has been demonstrated in snow geese, and these individuals are believed to be long term migrating reservoirs for the disease.
In children, the illness is not usually preceded by prodromal symptoms, and the first sign is the rash or the spots in the oral cavity. The rash begins as small red dots on the face, scalp, torso, upper arms, and legs; progressing over 10–12 hours to small bumps, blisters, and pustules ; followed by umbilication and the formation of scabs.