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Spermine is a polyamine involved in cellular metabolism that is found in all eukaryotic cells. The precursor for synthesis of spermine is the amino acid ornithine . It is an essential growth factor in some bacteria as well.
Spermine is synthesized from the reaction of spermidine with SAM in the presence of the enzyme spermine synthase. The polyamines undergo rapid interconversion in the polyamine cycle, in which putrescine leads to synthesis of spermidine and spermine, with degradation of these polyamines to form putrescine, which can begin the cycle again. [16]
The SAT1 gene is 3,069 base pairs long. There are 171 amino acids and its molecular mass is 20024 Da (daltons). In 1992 at The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Lei Xiao and several others cloned over 4000 base pairs of the region containing the coding sequence of the SAT1 gene also referred to as SSAT-1, SSAT, SAT, KFSD, DC21, KFSDX gene. [12]
S-adenosylmethioninamine + spermidine S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine + spermine Spermine synthase is an enzyme involved in polyamine biosynthesis. It is present in all eukaryotes and plays a role in a variety of biological functions in plants [ 3 ] Its structure consists of two identical monomers of 41 kDa with three domains each, creating a ...
This enzyme potentially represents a new class of catabolic enzymes in the mammalian polyamine metabolic pathway capable of the efficient oxidation of polyamines. More than five transcript variants encoding four active isoenzymes have been identified for this gene, however, not all variants have been fully described.
It is a precursor to other polyamines, such as spermine and its structural isomer thermospermine. Spermidine synchronizes an array of biological processes, (such as Ca 2+ , Na + , K + -ATPase) thus maintaining membrane potential and controlling intracellular pH and volume.
Putrescine is found in all organisms. [13] Putrescine is widely found in plant tissues, [13] often being the most common polyamine present within the organism. Its role in development is well documented, but recent studies have suggested that putrescine also plays a role in stress responses in plants, both to biotic and abiotic stressors. [14]
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