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A case series (also known as a clinical series) is a type of medical research study that tracks subjects with a known exposure, such as patients who have received a similar treatment, [1] or examines their medical records for exposure and outcome.
However, no causal inferences should be made from case series regarding the efficacy of the investigated treatment. This article will provide principles for the design, analysis, and reporting of case series, illustrated by examples from the orthopaedic surgical literature.
A case series includes a description of the characteristics and outcomes among a group of individuals with either a disease or an exposure (which can be an intervention) over a period of time and without a control group.
Case reports and case series or case study research are descriptive studies that are prepared for illustrating novel, unusual, or atypical features identified in patients in medical practice, and they potentially generate new research questions.
A case series is a descriptive study that follows a group of patients who have a similar diagnosis or who are undergoing the same procedure over a certain period of time.
A case series investigates a group of patients with known medical condition(s), exposure(s), disease state, or who have undergone a similar procedure over a specified time period. A case series offers a larger group of patients than a case report, which follows a cohort of up to three patients.
In general, a case series comprises <10 cases; beyond that, it may be feasible to apply formal statistics and may be considered a cohort study. Both case reports and case series are descriptive studies. Case series must have similar cases and hence the inclusion must be clearly defined.
In certain situations, case series designs may represent the best available evidence to inform clinical practice. The JBI critical appraisal tool for case series offers systematic reviewers an approved method to assess the methodological quality of these studies.
Definition of case series. Case series are observational descriptive studies in which researchers present a group of patients with common characteristics or diseases, and describe clinical progression, treatment, and outcomes.
A case series is a descriptive study that characterizes an outcome of interest in a series of patients who have a common exposure. Case series can be an effective study design for developing new hypotheses about the effect of an exposure on patient outcome.