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Initial treatment focuses on resuscitation which may include intravenous fluids and blood transfusions. [4] Often blood transfusions are not recommended unless the hemoglobin is less than 70 or 80 g/L. [7] [12] Treatment with proton pump inhibitors, octreotide, and antibiotics may be considered in certain cases.
Hematemesis is the vomiting of blood. [1] This is usually vomit that contains bright red blood. [2] Coffee ground vomiting is similar to hematemesis, but is distinct in not involving bright red blood. [3] Hematemesis must be differentiated from hemoptysis (coughing up blood) and epistaxis (nosebleed). [4] Both of these are more common conditions.
2 and increased blood pH) and often hypokalemia (potassium depletion). The hypokalemia is an indirect result of the kidney compensating for the loss of acid. With the loss of intake of food the individual may eventually become cachectic. A less frequent occurrence results from a vomiting of intestinal contents, including bile acids and HCO − 3.
The strongest predictors of an upper gastrointestinal bleed are black stool, age <50 years, and blood urea nitrogen/creatinine ratio 30 or more. [8] [9] The diagnosis of upper gastrointestinal bleeding is assumed when hematemesis (vomiting of blood) is observed. [citation needed]
Portal hypertensive gastropathy can also be treated with endoscopic treatment delivered through a fibre-optic camera into the stomach. Argon plasma coagulation and electrocautery have both been used to stop bleeding from ectatic vessels, and to attempt to obliterate the vessels, but have limited utility if the disease is diffuse.
The Mayo Clinic diet was created by weight management practitioners at the Mayo Clinic and was designed as a lifestyle change program to promote gradual and sustained weight loss, says Melissa ...
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Esophagitis, esophageal varices, gastritis, cirrhosis or gastric ulcers for example, may bleed and produce coffee-ground vomitus. When unaccompanied by melena, hematemesis or a fall in hemoglobin with corresponding urea rises and creates an unstable reaction, and other causes of coffee ground vomitus need to be elucidated; for example, gastric stasis, bowel obstruction or ileus, that can cause ...