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Typical antipsychotics (also known as major tranquilizers, and first generation antipsychotics) are a class of antipsychotic drugs first developed in the 1950s and used to treat psychosis (in particular, schizophrenia). Typical antipsychotics may also be used for the treatment of acute mania, agitation, and other conditions.
1.1 Antipsychotic esters. 1.1.1 Typical antipsychotics. 1.1.2 Atypical antipsychotics. 2 See also. 3 References. 4 External links. Toggle the table of contents.
The atypical antipsychotics (AAP), also known as second generation antipsychotics (SGAs) and serotonin–dopamine antagonists (SDAs), [1] [2] are a group of antipsychotic drugs (antipsychotic drugs in general are also known as tranquilizers and neuroleptics, although the latter is usually reserved for the typical antipsychotics) largely introduced after the 1970s and used to treat psychiatric ...
The difference between first- and second-generation antipsychotics is a subject of debate. The second-generation antipsychotics are generally distinguishable by the presence of 5HT2A receptor antagonism and a corresponding lower propensity for extrapyramidal side effects compared to first-generation antipsychotics. [15]
For an antipsychotic to be effective, it generally requires a dopamine antagonism of 60%–80% of dopamine D 2 receptors. [13] First generation (typical) antipsychotics: Traditional neuroleptics modify several neurotransmitter systems, but their clinical effectiveness is most likely due to their ability to antagonize dopamine transmission by ...
Thioridazine (Mellaril or Melleril) is a first generation antipsychotic drug belonging to the phenothiazine drug group and was previously widely used in the treatment of schizophrenia and psychosis. The branded product was withdrawn worldwide in 2005 because it caused severe cardiac arrhythmias.
A 2015 meta-analysis found that there is a positive correlation between the cumulative amount of first generation antipsychotics taken by people with schizophrenia and the amount of grey matter loss, and a negative correlation with the cumulative amount of second-generation antipsychotics taken. [63] [64]
The mechanism of actions of most antipsychotics is post-synaptic blockage of brain dopamine D2 receptors. Second generation antipsychotics also bind with serotonin 5HT2 receptors at a high affinity, which is suggested to be the cause for the lowered risk of extrapyramidal side effects compared with first generation antipsychotics. [14]