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In computing, the modulo operation returns the remainder or signed remainder of a division, after one number is divided by another, called the modulus of the operation. Given two positive numbers a and n, a modulo n (often abbreviated as a mod n) is the remainder of the Euclidean division of a by n, where a is the dividend and n is the divisor. [1]
and −2 is the least absolute remainder. In the division of 42 by 5, we have: 42 = 8 × 5 + 2, and since 2 < 5/2, 2 is both the least positive remainder and the least absolute remainder. In these examples, the (negative) least absolute remainder is obtained from the least positive remainder by subtracting 5, which is d. This holds in general.
Modulo is a mathematical jargon that was introduced into mathematics in the book Disquisitiones Arithmeticae by Carl Friedrich Gauss in 1801. [3] Given the integers a, b and n, the expression "a ≡ b (mod n)", pronounced "a is congruent to b modulo n", means that a − b is an integer multiple of n, or equivalently, a and b both share the same remainder when divided by n.
Long division is the standard algorithm used for pen-and-paper division of multi-digit numbers expressed in decimal notation. It shifts gradually from the left to the right end of the dividend, subtracting the largest possible multiple of the divisor (at the digit level) at each stage; the multiples then become the digits of the quotient, and the final difference is then the remainder.
The division with remainder or Euclidean division of two natural numbers provides an integer quotient, which is the number of times the second number is completely contained in the first number, and a remainder, which is the part of the first number that remains, when in the course of computing the quotient, no further full chunk of the size of ...
Download QR code; Print/export ... U+2118 ℘ SCRIPT CAPITAL P is a symbol for Weierstrass's elliptic function. [7] ... The remainder of the set is at Letterlike Symbols.
The exponent of the group, that is, the least common multiple of the orders in the cyclic groups, is given by the Carmichael function (sequence A002322 in the OEIS). In other words, λ ( n ) {\displaystyle \lambda (n)} is the smallest number such that for each a coprime to n , a λ ( n ) ≡ 1 ( mod n ) {\displaystyle a^{\lambda (n)}\equiv 1 ...
The finite field with p n elements is denoted GF(p n) and is also called the Galois field of order p n, in honor of the founder of finite field theory, Évariste Galois.GF(p), where p is a prime number, is simply the ring of integers modulo p.