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Pulmonary function testing (PFT) is a complete evaluation of the respiratory system including patient history, physical examinations, and tests of pulmonary function. The primary purpose of pulmonary function testing is to identify the severity of pulmonary impairment. [1]
The systems co-operate to provide users (human or automated) with a data communication service. The AMHS network is composed of interconnected ATS Message Servers that perform message switching at the application layer (Layer 7 in the OSI model). Direct users connect to ATS Message Servers by means of ATS Message User Agents.
The Annals of the American Thoracic Society is a peer-reviewed medical journal that publishes clinical trials and original scientific research related to adult and pediatric pulmonary and respiratory sleep medicine, as well as adult critical care medicine, that is applicable to clinical practice, the formative and continuing education of clinical specialists, and the advancement of public health.
The spirometry test is performed using a device called a spirometer, [2] which comes in several different varieties. Most spirometers display the following graphs, called spirograms: a volume-time curve, showing volume (litres) along the Y-axis and time (seconds) along the X-axis
Hutchinson published his paper about his water spirometer and the measurements he had taken from more than 4,000 subjects, [2] describing the direct relationship between vital capacity and height and the inverse relationship between vital capacity and age. He also showed that vital capacity does not relate to weight at any given height.
This test involves measuring the partial pressure difference between inspired and expired carbon monoxide. It relies on the strong affinity and large absorption capacity of red blood cells for carbon monoxide and thus demonstrates gas uptake by the capillaries that are less dependent on cardiac output. [3]
In obstructive lung disease, the FEV1 is reduced due to an obstruction of air escaping from the lungs. Thus, the FEV1/FVC ratio will be reduced. [4] More specifically, according to the National Institute for Clinical Excellence, the diagnosis of COPD is made when the FEV 1 /FVC ratio is less than 0.7 or [8] the FEV 1 is less than 75% of predicted; [9] however, other authoritative bodies have ...
The peak expiratory flow (PEF), also called peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) and peak flow measurement, [1] is a person's maximum speed of expiration, as measured with a peak flow meter, a small, hand-held device used to monitor a person's ability to breathe out air.