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PAP is also used in PPPoE, for authenticating DSL users. As the Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) sends data unencrypted and "in the clear", PAP is vulnerable to any attacker who can observe the PPP session. An attacker can see the users name, password, and any other information associated with the PPP session.
In Excel and Word 95 and prior editions a weak protection algorithm is used that converts a password to a 16-bit verifier and a 16-byte XOR obfuscation array [1] key. [4] Hacking software is now readily available to find a 16-byte key and decrypt the password-protected document. [5] Office 97, 2000, XP and 2003 use RC4 with 40 bits. [4]
The Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet (PPPoE) is a network protocol for encapsulating Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) frames inside Ethernet frames. It appeared in 1999, in the context of the boom of DSL as the solution for tunneling packets over the DSL connection to the ISP's IP network, and from there to the rest of the Internet.
kppp – A kde GUI frontend for pppd.; gnome-ppp – A (discontinued) gnome GUI frontend for WvDial, which in turns depends on pppd.; pppconfig – It uses the standard ppp configuration files and sets ppp up so that the standard pon and poff commands (to connect and disconnect) and plog (to list the log) can be used to control ppp.
RFC 2364 describes Point-to-Point Protocol over ATM (PPPoA) as a method for transmitting PPP over ATM Adaptation Layer 5 , which is also a common alternative to PPPoE used with DSL. PPP, PPPoE and PPPoA are widely used in WAN lines. PPP is a layered protocol that has three components: [4]
PPP configuration generally includes: user credentials, user name and password, and is unique to each user. ATM configuration includes: Virtual channel link (VCL) – virtual path identifier and virtual channel identifier (VPI/VCI), such as 0/32 (analogous to a phone number) Modulation (Type): such as G.dmt; Multiplexing (Method): such as VC ...
CHAP is also used in PPPoE, for authenticating DSL users. As the PPP sends data unencrypted and "in the clear", CHAP is vulnerable to any attacker who can observe the PPP session. An attacker can see the user's name, CHAP challenge, CHAP response, and any other information associated with the PPP session.
Common 100 Mbit/s passive applications use the pinout of 802.3af mode B (see § Pinouts) – with DC positive on pins 4 and 5 and negative on 7 and 8, and data on 1 and 2, and 3 and 6, but polarization may vary. Gigabit passive injectors use a transformer on the data pins to allow power and data to share the cable and are typically compatible ...