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This page contains tables of azeotrope data for various binary and ternary mixtures of solvents. The data include the composition of a mixture by weight (in binary azeotropes, when only one fraction is given, it is the fraction of the second component), the boiling point (b.p.) of a component, the boiling point of a mixture, and the specific gravity of the mixture.
Boiling point (°C) K b (°C⋅kg/mol) Freezing point (°C) K f (°C⋅kg/mol) Data source; ... Acetic Anhydride: 139.0 [6] Ethylene Dichloride: 1.25 83.5 −35 [7 ...
Benzyl alcohol is used effectively for treating lice infestations as the active ingredient in lotion shampoo with 5% benzyl alcohol. [ 13 ] Benzyl alcohol is an ingredient used in the manufacture of soaps, topical creams, skin lotions, shampoos, and facial cleansers and is popular due to its anti-bacterial and anti-fungal properties.
Acetic anhydride, or ethanoic anhydride, is the chemical compound with the formula (CH 3 CO) 2 O. Commonly abbreviated Ac 2 O , it is the simplest isolable anhydride of a carboxylic acid and is widely used as a reagent in organic synthesis .
Since the boiling point of benzoic acid is much higher than that of benzaldehyde, it may be purified by distillation. Benzyl alcohol can be formed from benzaldehyde by means of hydrogenation . Reaction of benzaldehyde with anhydrous sodium acetate and acetic anhydride yields cinnamic acid , while alcoholic potassium cyanide can be used to ...
It is usually prepared by the dehydration reaction of benzoic acid, e.g. using acetic anhydride: [3] 2 C 6 H 5 CO 2 H + (CH 3 CO) 2 O → (C 6 H 5 CO) 2 O + 2 CH 3 CO 2 H. Alternatively, sodium benzoate can be treated with benzoyl chloride. It can be produced by dehydrating benzoic acid by heating. [citation needed]
For humans, the World Health Organization's International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) suggests a provisional tolerable intake would be 5 mg/kg body weight per day. [32] Cats have a significantly lower tolerance against benzoic acid and its salts than rats and mice. Lethal dose for cats can be as low as 300 mg/kg body weight. [41]
The worldwide production of acetic anhydride is a major application, and uses approximately 25% to 30% of the global production of acetic acid. The main process involves dehydration of acetic acid to give ketene at 700–750 °C. Ketene is thereafter reacted with acetic acid to obtain the anhydride: [50] CH 3 CO 2 H → CH 2 =C=O + H 2 O