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  2. Volumetric flow rate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volumetric_flow_rate

    Volumetric flow rate should not be confused with volumetric flux, as defined by Darcy's law and represented by the symbol q, with units of m 3 /(m 2 ·s), that is, m·s −1. The integration of a flux over an area gives the volumetric flow rate. The SI unit is cubic metres per second (m 3 /s).

  3. Lumped parameter model for the cardiovascular system

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumped_parameter_model_for...

    The lumped parameter model consists in a system of ordinary differential equations that adhere to the principles of conservation of mass and momentum balance. The model is obtained exploiting the electrical analogy where the current represents the blood flow, the voltage represents the pressure difference, the electric resistance plays the role of the vascular resistance (determined by the ...

  4. Cardiac output - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_output

    Major factors influencing cardiac output – heart rate and stroke volume, both of which are variable. [1]In cardiac physiology, cardiac output (CO), also known as heart output and often denoted by the symbols , ˙, or ˙, [2] is the volumetric flow rate of the heart's pumping output: that is, the volume of blood being pumped by a single ventricle of the heart, per unit time (usually measured ...

  5. Fundamental thermodynamic relation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_thermodynamic...

    Thus, they are essentially equations of state, and using the fundamental equations, experimental data can be used to determine sought-after quantities like G (Gibbs free energy) or H . [1] The relation is generally expressed as a microscopic change in internal energy in terms of microscopic changes in entropy , and volume for a closed system in ...

  6. Flow coefficient - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flow_coefficient

    The k v factor or value as it is also called is defined in VDI/VDE Richtlinien No. 2173. [5] A simplified version of the definition is: The k v factor of a valve indicates "The water flow in m 3 /h, at a pressure drop across the valve of 1 kgf/cm 2 when the valve is completely open.

  7. List of equations in fluid mechanics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_equations_in_fluid...

    F•dS is the component of flux passing through the surface, multiplied by the area of the surface (see dot product). For this reason flux represents physically a flow per unit area . Here t ^ {\displaystyle \mathbf {\hat {t}} \,\!} is a unit vector in the direction of the flow/current/flux.

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  9. Gibbs free energy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibbs_free_energy

    Its symbol is Δ f G˚. All elements in their standard states (diatomic oxygen gas, graphite, etc.) have standard Gibbs free energy change of formation equal to zero, as there is no change involved. Δ f G = Δ f G˚ + RT ln Q f, where Q f is the reaction quotient. At equilibrium, Δ f G = 0, and Q f = K, so the equation becomes Δ f G˚ = − ...