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Behind the crest (crista terminalis) of the right atrium the internal surface is smooth. [1] Pectinate muscles make up the part of the wall in front of this, the right atrial appendage. [citation needed] In the left atrium, the pectinate muscles are confined to the inner surface of its atrial appendage. [1]
On the external aspect of the right atrium, corresponding to the crista terminalis, is a groove - the terminal sulcus. [citation needed]The crista terminalis provides the origin for the pectinate muscles.
The AV node receives two inputs from the right atrium: posteriorly, via the crista terminalis, and anteriorly, via the interatrial septum. [8] Contraction of heart muscle cells requires depolarization and repolarization of their cell membranes. Movement of ions across cell membranes causes these events.
A smaller temporalis muscle can actually indicate sarcopenia, which is the age-related loss of muscle mass and strength. “Systemic sarcopenia “is often linked to frailty, reduced mobility, and ...
The terminal sulcus is a groove on the outer surface of the right atrium of the heart marking the transition between the sinus venarum cavarum (which has a distinct embryological origin) and the rest of the right atrium (which features pectinate muscles on its inner surface).
The sinus venarum (also known as the sinus of the vena cava, or sinus venarum cavarum [1]) is the portion of the right atrium in the adult human heart [2] where the inner surface [3] of the right atrium is smooth, [2] [3] whereas the rest of the inner surface is rough [3] (trabeculated [2]) due to the presence of pectinate muscles. [4]
The right atrial appendage is a pouch-like extension of the right atrium and is covered by a trabecula network of pectinate muscles. The interatrial septum separates the right atrium from the left atrium; this is marked by a depression in the right atrium – the fossa ovalis. The atria are depolarised by calcium. [6]
The moderator band (also known as septomarginal trabecula [1]) is a band of cardiac muscle found in the right ventricle of the heart. [2] [3] [4] It is well-marked in sheep and some other animals, including humans. It extends from the base of the anterior papillary muscle of the tricuspid valve to the ventricular septum. [2]