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Commonly, two traps are generated by splitting the laser beam into two orthogonally polarized beams. Optical tweezing operations with more than two traps can be realized either by time-sharing a single laser beam among several optical tweezers, [54] or by diffractively splitting the beam into
The beam of a single transverse mode (gaussian beam) laser eventually diverges at an angle that varies inversely with the beam diameter, as required by diffraction theory. Thus, the "pencil beam" directly generated by a common helium–neon laser would spread out to a size of perhaps 500 kilometers when shone on the Moon (from the distance of ...
Projection, life sciences, forensic analysis, spectroscopy, eye surgery, laser light shows. The lasing medium is a semiconductor chip. Frequency doubling or tripling is typically done to produce visible or ultraviolet radiation. Power levels of several watts are possible. Beam quality can be extremely high- often rivaling that of an ion laser.
Laser power used for trapping the cell is 100 mW, for stretching 1200 mW per fibre. Phase contrast images, 63× objective; scale bar is 10 μm. The trapping of micrometre-sized particles by two laser beams was first demonstrated by Arthur Ashkin in 1970, [1] before he developed the single-beam trap now known as optical tweezers. An advantage of ...
The geometry (resonator type) must be chosen so that the beam remains stable, i.e. the size of the beam does not continually grow with multiple reflections. Resonator types are also designed to meet other criteria such as a minimum beam waist or having no focal point (and therefore no intense light at a single point) inside the cavity.
The basic idea is to use laser beams that are red-detuned from an atomic transition. Red-detuned means that the frequency of the laser light is lower than the natural resonance frequency of the atoms. When atoms encounter such red-detuned laser light, they experience a "light shift", which creates a spatially dependent potential energy landscape.
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