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[10] Genetics – over 30 susceptibility loci have been identified for diverticular disease, [11] including ARHGAP15, COLQ, and FAM155A. [12] Vitamin D – although the mechanism is unclear, recent studies have shown that vitamin D insufficient patients have higher risk of complicated diverticulitis. [9]
In the Western world about 35% of people have diverticulosis while it affects less than 1% of those in rural Africa, [6] and 4–15% of those may go on to develop diverticulitis. [3] In North America and Europe the abdominal pain is usually on the left lower side (sigmoid colon), while in Asia it is usually on the right (ascending colon).
Diverticulitis is defined as diverticular disease with signs and symptoms of diverticular inflammation. Clinical features of acute diverticulitis include constant abdominal pain, localized abdominal tenderness in the left lower quadrant of the abdomen, nausea, vomiting, constipation or diarrhea, fever and leukocytosis. [12]
Although Version:2019 was the last update, and ICD-11 is now available, WHO are still accepting data reported using ICD-10 from member states yet to make the switch to ICD-11. ICD-11 (International classification of diseases, 11th revision) – available for reporting data to WHO since 1 January 2022 [ 5 ]
About 10% of cases have a more serious cause including gallbladder (gallstones or biliary dyskinesia) or pancreas problems (4%), diverticulitis (3%), appendicitis (2%) and cancer (1%). [2] More common in those who are older, ischemic colitis , [ 5 ] mesenteric ischemia , and abdominal aortic aneurysms are other serious causes.
National adaptations of the ICD-10 progressed to incorporate both clinical code (ICD-10-CM) and procedure code (ICD-10-PCS) with the revisions completed in 2003. In 2009, the US Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services announced that it would begin using ICD-10 on April 1, 2010, with full compliance by all involved parties by 2013. [19]
Unlike diverticulitis, SCAD involves inflammation of the colon between diverticula (interdiverticular mucosa), while sparing the diverticular orifices. SCAD may lead to abdominal pain, especially in the left lower quadrant, intermittent rectal bleeding and chronic diarrhea. [1]
ICD-10 is the 10th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), a medical classification list by the World Health Organization (WHO). It contains codes for diseases, signs and symptoms, abnormal findings, complaints, social circumstances, and external causes of injury or diseases. [1]