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Contributing structures of the carbonate ion. In chemistry, resonance, also called mesomerism, is a way of describing bonding in certain molecules or polyatomic ions by the combination of several contributing structures (or forms, [1] also variously known as resonance structures or canonical structures) into a resonance hybrid (or hybrid structure) in valence bond theory.
Clar's rule states that for a benzenoid polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (i.e. one with only hexagonal rings), the resonance structure with the largest number of disjoint aromatic π-sextets is the most important to characterize its chemical and physical properties. Such a resonance structure is called a Clar structure. In other words, a ...
In chemistry, the mesomeric effect (or resonance effect) is a property of substituents or functional groups in a chemical compound. It is defined as the polarity produced in the molecule by the interaction of two pi bonds or between a pi bond and lone pair of electrons present on an adjacent atom. [ 1 ]
Expressing resonance when drawing Lewis structures may be done either by drawing each of the possible resonance forms and placing double-headed arrows between them or by using dashed lines to represent the partial bonds (although the latter is a good representation of the resonance hybrid which is not, formally speaking, a Lewis structure ...
For example, in phosphorus pentafluoride (PF 5), 5 resonance structures can be generated each with four covalent bonds and one ionic bond with greater weight in the structures placing ionic character in the axial bonds, thus satisfying the octet rule and explaining both the observed trigonal bipyramidal molecular geometry and the fact that the ...
Example of a dipolar compound, represented by a resonance structure In organic chemistry , a dipolar compound or simply dipole is an electrically neutral molecule carrying a positive and a negative charge in at least one canonical description.
Resonance structures of an enolate anion. In organic chemistry, enolates are organic anions derived from the deprotonation of carbonyl (RR'C=O) compounds. Rarely isolated, they are widely used as reagents in the synthesis of organic compounds. [1] [2] [3] [4]
Diazo compounds have two main Lewis structures in resonance: R 2 >C − –N + ≡N and R 2 >CH=N + =N −. In organic chemistry, the diazo group is an organic moiety consisting of two linked nitrogen atoms at the terminal position.