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Student development theory refers to a body of scholarship that seeks to understand and explain the developmental processes of how students learn, grow, and develop in post-secondary education. [1] [2] Student development theory has been defined as a “collection of theories related to college students that explain how they grow and develop ...
Chickering's Theory of Identity Development, as articulated by Arthur W. Chickering explains the process of identity development. The theory was created specifically to examine the identity development process of students in higher education , but it has been used in other areas as well.
Compiling this with data from several other dissimilar colleges he gathered through being the director of the Project on Student Development in Small Colleges, he created his theories of what influences and affects college students in their development. He published in 1969 which explained his seven-vector theory of student development.
Parents and teachers can "undermine" a child's development by failing to recognize accomplishments or being overly critical of a child's efforts. [117] Children who are "encouraged and praised" develop a belief in their competence. Lack of encouragement or ability to excel lead to "feelings of inadequacy and inferiority". [118]
The relation between teacher and student lies at heart of the realist conception of social structure. The internal relation between roles, distinct from the individual people who fill them and whom they casually affect. The relation between teacher and student is closely internal because each could not exist without each other.
The zone of proximal development (ZPD) is a concept in educational psychology that represents the space between what a learner is capable of doing unsupported and what the learner cannot do even with support. It is the range where the learner is able to perform, but only with support from a teacher or a peer with more knowledge or expertise.
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It also has strong connections with psychology (school psychology), sociology (sociology of education), philosophy (philosophy of education), and logic. [4] The primary goal of school pedagogy is to ensure high-quality teaching and learning processes, fostering the development of students' intellectual, emotional, and social abilities.