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Capillary breakup rheometry is an experimental technique used to assess the extensional rheological response of low viscous fluids. Unlike most shear and extensional rheometers, this technique does not involve active stretch or measurement of stress or strain but exploits only surface tension to create a uniaxial extensional flow.
Capillary rheometers are especially advantageous for characterization of therapeutic protein solutions since it determines the ability to be syringed. [6] Additionally, there is an inverse relationship between the rheometry and solution stability, as well as thermodynamic interactions. Rotational geometries of different types of shearing rheometers
Rheometry (from Greek ῥέος (rheos) 'stream') generically refers to the experimental techniques used to determine the rheological properties of materials, [1] that is the qualitative and quantitative relationships between stresses and strains and their derivatives.
Rheology (/ r iː ˈ ɒ l ə dʒ i /; from Greek ῥέω (rhéō) 'flow' and -λoγία (-logia) 'study of') is the study of the flow of matter, primarily in a fluid (liquid or gas) state but also as "soft solids" or solids under conditions in which they respond with plastic flow rather than deforming elastically in response to an applied force.
The Starling principle holds that fluid movement across a semi-permeable blood vessel such as a capillary or small venule is determined by the hydrostatic pressure and colloid osmotic pressure (oncotic pressure) on either side of a semipermeable barrier that sieves the filtrate, keeping larger molecules such as proteins within the blood stream.
The equation is derived for capillary flow in a cylindrical tube in the absence of a gravitational field, but is sufficiently accurate in many cases when the capillary force is still significantly greater than the gravitational force. In his paper from 1921 Washburn applies Poiseuille's Law for fluid motion in a circular tube.
In physics, the Young–Laplace equation (/ l ə ˈ p l ɑː s /) is an algebraic equation that describes the capillary pressure difference sustained across the interface between two static fluids, such as water and air, due to the phenomenon of surface tension or wall tension, although use of the latter is only applicable if assuming that the wall is very thin.
Three examples of droplet detachment for different fluids: (left) water, (center) glycerol, (right) a solution of PEG in water. In fluid dynamics, the Plateau–Rayleigh instability, often just called the Rayleigh instability, explains why and how a falling stream of fluid breaks up into smaller packets with the same total volume but less surface area per droplet.