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Although the mechanism of action of valproate is not fully understood, [33] traditionally, its anticonvulsant effect has been attributed to the blockade of voltage-gated sodium channels and increased brain levels of the inhibitory synaptic neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). [33]
This is probably a side effect or even the actual mechanism of action for some antiepileptic drugs, since GABA can itself, directly or indirectly, act proconvulsively. [12] Another potential target of antiepileptic drugs is the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha .
Lumateperone, sold under the brand name Caplyta, is an atypical antipsychotic medication of the butyrophenone class. It is approved for the treatment of schizophrenia as well as bipolar depression, as either monotherapy or adjunctive therapy (with lithium or valproate). [2]
A mechanism of action usually includes mention of the specific molecular targets to which the drug binds, such as an enzyme or receptor. [3] Receptor sites have specific affinities for drugs based on the chemical structure of the drug, as well as the specific action that occurs there.
In the United States, cenobamate is indicated for the treatment of partial-onset seizures in adults. [3]In the European Union, it is indicated for the adjunctive treatment of focal-onset seizures with or without secondary generalization in adults with epilepsy who have not been adequately controlled despite a history of treatment with at least two anti-epileptic medications.
The definition of a mechanism of action also includes the type of activity at that biological target. For receptors, these activities include agonist, antagonist, inverse agonist, or modulator. Enzyme target mechanisms include activator or inhibitor. Ion channel modulators include opener or blocker. The following are specific examples of drug ...
Spironolactone and cyproterone acetate are other drugs used by trans people to suppress sex hormones, but these drugs have a completely different mechanism of action. [10] It can also be used as a puberty blocker [11] in the case of precocious puberty. [9] Triptorelin has been used as a chemical castration agent for reducing sexual urges in sex ...
Stiripentol, sold under the brand name Diacomit, is an anticonvulsant medication used for the treatment of Dravet syndrome - a serious genetic brain disorder. [5] [6]The most common side effects include loss of appetite, weight loss, insomnia (difficulty sleeping), drowsiness, ataxia (inability to co‑ordinate muscle movements), hypotonia (low muscle strength) and dystonia (muscle disorders).