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Peritonitis is inflammation of the localized or generalized peritoneum, the lining of the inner wall of the abdomen and cover of the abdominal organs. [2] Symptoms may include severe pain, swelling of the abdomen , fever, or weight loss.
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is the development of a bacterial infection in the peritoneum, despite the absence of an obvious source for the infection. [1] It is specifically an infection of the ascitic fluid – an increased volume of peritoneal fluid. [2] Ascites is most commonly a complication of cirrhosis of the liver. [1]
Tertiary peritonitis is a frequent complication of intra-abdominal infection in those patients who have been admitted to intensive care units and it is a hospital-acquired infection. Tertiary peritonitis differs from secondary peritonitis due to the difference in microbial flora which is present and due to the lack of response to appropriate ...
The sign indicates aggravation of the parietal peritoneum by stretching or moving. Positive Blumberg's sign is indicative of peritonitis, [3] which can occur in diseases like appendicitis, and may occur in ulcerative colitis with rebound tenderness in the right lower quadrant.
A common cause of peritonitis is touch contamination, e.g. insertion of catheter by un-sanitized hands, which potentially introduces bacteria to the abdomen; other causes include catheter complication, transplantation of bowel bacteria, and systemic infections. [9] Most common type of PD-peritonitis infection (80%) are from bacterial sources. [9]
The clinical manifestations of secondary peritonitis are a reflection of the underlying disease process. Fever, diffuse abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting are common. Physical examination generally show signs of peritoneal inflammation, isuch as rebound tenderness, abdominal wall rigidity and decrease in bowel sounds.
The most common infection is peritonitis, followed by lung, skin, and urinary infections, meningoencephalitis and in the most serious cases septicaemia. The most notable of the causative organisms are Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis can develop where there is ascites present. This is a ...
Some patients may require hemodialysis to support kidney function, or a newer technique called liver dialysis which uses a dialysis circuit with albumin-bound membranes to bind and remove toxins normally cleared by the liver, providing a means of extracorporeal liver support until transplantation can be performed.