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Causality: Models, Reasoning, and Inference (2000; [1] updated 2009 [2]) is a book by Judea Pearl. [3] It is an exposition and analysis of causality. [4] [5] It is considered to have been instrumental in laying the foundations of the modern debate on causal inference in several fields including statistics, computer science and epidemiology. [6]
The Book of Why: The New Science of Cause and Effect is a 2018 nonfiction book by computer scientist Judea Pearl and writer Dana Mackenzie. The book explores the subject of causality and causal inference from statistical and philosophical points of view for a general audience.
Judea Pearl defines a causal model as an ordered triple ,, , where U is a set of exogenous variables whose values are determined by factors outside the model; V is a set of endogenous variables whose values are determined by factors within the model; and E is a set of structural equations that express the value of each endogenous variable as a function of the values of the other variables in U ...
Judea Pearl (born September 4, 1936) is an Israeli-American computer scientist and philosopher, ... Pearl, Judea (2000). Causality: Models, Reasoning, and Inference ...
The term Bayesian network was coined by Judea Pearl in 1985 to emphasize: [28] the often subjective nature of the input information; the reliance on Bayes' conditioning as the basis for updating information; the distinction between causal and evidential modes of reasoning [29]
Formal definitions of instrumental variables, using counterfactuals and graphical criteria, were given by Judea Pearl in 2000. [10] Angrist and Krueger (2001) present a survey of the history and uses of instrumental variable techniques. [11]
Pearl, Judea, "Understanding Simpson's Paradox" (PDF) Simpson's Paradox, a short article by Alexander Bogomolny on the vector interpretation of Simpson's paradox; The Wall Street Journal column "The Numbers Guy" for December 2, 2009 dealt with recent instances of Simpson's paradox in the news. Notably a Simpson's paradox in the comparison of ...
More recently, Judea Pearl reintroduced formal mathematics by attributing causality in statistical systems that addressed the fundamental limitations of both Bayesian and Neyman-Pearson methods, as discussed in his book Causality.