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The Battle of Roncevaux Pass (French and English spelling, Roncesvalles in Spanish, Orreaga in Basque) in 778 saw a large force of Basques ambush a part of Charlemagne's army in Roncevaux Pass, a high mountain pass in the Pyrenees on the present border between France and Spain, after his invasion of the Iberian Peninsula.
The Spanish March and surrounding regions. The Spanish March or Hispanic March [1] was a march or military buffer zone established c. 795 by Charlemagne in the eastern Pyrenees and nearby areas, to protect the new territories of the Christian Carolingian Empire—the Duchy of Gascony, the Duchy of Aquitaine, and Septimania—from the Muslim Umayyad Emirate of Córdoba in al-Andalus.
Charlemagne returned to Francia to greet his newborn twin sons, Louis and Lothair, who were born while he was in Spain; [119] Lothair died in infancy. [120] Again, Saxons had seized on the king's absence to raid. Charlemagne sent an army to Saxony in 779 [121] while he held assemblies, legislated, and addressed a famine in Francia. [122]
Charles II [a] (6 November 1661 – 1 November 1700) [b] was King of Spain from 1665 to 1700. The last monarch from the House of Habsburg , which had ruled Spain since 1516, he died without children, leading to a European conflict over his successor.
Start of the Historia in the Codex Calixtinus. The Historia Caroli Magni ('History of Charles the Great'), also known as the Historia Karoli Magni et Rotholandi ('History of Charles the Great and Roland') or the (Pseudo-)Turpin Chronicle, is a 12th-century Latin chronicle consisting of legendary material about Charlemagne's campaigns in Spain. [1]
Ferdinand had been born in Castile and was a popular candidate for king, but Charles ordered him to abandon Spain. Charles then entered into negotiations with the Cortes of Castile and of Aragon to be proclaimed king of the Spanish crowns jointly with his mother. [citation needed] The city of Toledo was the main residence of Charles V in Spain ...
The War of the Spanish Succession was a European great power conflict fought between 1701 and 1714. The immediate cause was the death of the childless Charles II of Spain in November 1700, which led to a struggle for control of the Spanish Empire between supporters of the French Bourbons and the Habsburgs.
The cathedral with the lower Tower of Charlemagne, characterised by mullioned windows. The church has a Baroque main façade (begun in 1606, with the upper part finished in 1961 [4]), preceded by a large staircase completed in 1607. The sculptures decorating the three orders of the façade were executed by local sculptors in the 1960s.