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A rutter is a mariner's handbook of written sailing directions. Before the advent of nautical charts , rutters were the primary store of geographic information for maritime navigation . It was known as a periplus ("sailing-around" book) in classical antiquity and a portolano ("port book") to medieval Italian sailors in the Mediterranean Sea .
The Portuguese term is cognate and approximate synonym of the English rutter. Roteiro is applied generally to maritime literature in use from the 16th to the 19th centuries, and specifically to nautical route descriptions compiled by and for sailors and pilots. [1]
The oldest sailing directions, dating back to the middle ages, descended directly from the Greek and Roman periplii: in classical times, in the absence of real nautical charts, navigation was carried out using books that described the coast, not necessarily intended for navigation, but more often consisting of reports of previous voyages, or celebrations of the deeds of leaders or rulers.
To cut off the wind from a sailing vessel, either by the proximity of land or by another vessel. becalmed Unable to move due to a lack of wind, said of a sailing vessel; resigned merely to drift with the current rather to move by controlled management of sails. becket A short piece of line usually spliced into a circle or with an eye on either end.
The RS Elite draws 3 ft 7 in (1.09 m), and adheres to one-design principles. The keel is moulded on to vertical stainless-steel struts. The boat has a "long sloping transom" and almost parallel sides, a maximised waterline length, and the boat is designed for speed and control. [4]
A sail plan is a drawing of a sailing craft, viewed from the side, depicting its sails, the spars that carry them and some of the rigging that supports the rig. [1] By extension, "sail plan" describes the arrangement of sails on a craft. [2] [3] A sailing craft may be waterborne (a ship or boat), an iceboat, or a sail-powered land vehicle.
Alan Lucas (born 1936) [1] is an Australian yachtsman [2] and writer of boat cruising guides and other books relating to life on the sea. His Cruising the Coral Coast was the second cruising guide to be published in Australia. [3] Lucas' most popular boat cruising guides are Cruising the Coral Coast [4] and Cruising the New South Wales Coast. [3]
Generally, a rudder is "part of the steering apparatus of a boat or ship that is fastened outside the hull, " denoting all types of oars, paddles, and rudders. [1] More specifically, the steering gear of ancient vessels can be classified into side-rudders and stern-mounted rudders, depending on their location on the ship.