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Adobe building constructed in the 1870s by Chinese workers living in the railroad-adjacent mining town of Dutch Flat. The ruling effectively made white violence against Chinese Americans unprosecutable, arguably leading to more intense white-on-Chinese race riots, such as the 1877 San Francisco riot. The Chinese living in California were with ...
But as Wong notes, the railroad is an ambivalent symbol for Chinese Americans, since it represents both the American dream of mobility, luxury and power but also the historical difficulties of the Chinese workers, who often had no choice but to take railroad jobs and who were never allowed the sort of mobility the railroad offered to Anglos.
After exclusion, existing Chinese immigrants were further excluded from agricultural labor by racial hostility, and as jobs in railroad construction declined, they increasingly moved into self-employment as laundry workers, store and restaurant owners, traders, merchants, and wage laborers; and they congregated in Chinatowns established in ...
[12] [36] During the 1867 Chinese Labor Strike, Chinese American transcontinental railroad laborers seeking higher wages and a reduction in their work time participated in a general strike. [ 12 ] [ 36 ] Plantation owners tried to hire Chinese workers to supplant Black slaves in the wake of the Civil War .
After May 1869, a group of Chinese workers in the Western United States began moving to Texas, as there was a demand for labor in the post-American Civil War environment. [1] Railroad companies in particular wanted workers to rebuild their infrastructure. [2] In 1880, Robertson County had 72 ethnic Chinese, while the other 64 were elsewhere in ...
In February 1866, R.S. Chilton, the commissioner of U.S. immigration argued in his report to Congress that under the 1862 act prohibiting coolie trade, importation of Chinese labor to the South should be prohibited and southerners should instead work out contracts with freed Blacks. However, because the commissioner associated Chinese ...
Two immigration officers interrogate Chinese immigrants at Ellis Island. 1951. Credit - Bettmann Archive/Getty Images. W ith intense political debate focused on the U.S. southern border, an ...
In the 1850s, Chinese workers migrated to the United States, first to work in the gold mines, but also to take agricultural jobs, and factory work, especially in the garment industry. Chinese immigrants were particularly instrumental in building railroads in the American West, and as Chinese laborers grew successful in the United States, a ...