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Aira caldera is one of the most active and hazardous calderas in the world. It is home to the Kirishima volcanoes, a group of active volcanoes at the north end of Aira caldera. One of these volcanoes, Shinmoedake, has produced two strong magmato-phreatic eruptions, separated by almost 300 years. Starting in December 2009, active diving and ...
The resulting caldera is over 20 km (12 mi) across. Tephra fell as far as 1,000 km (620 mi) from the volcano. Sakurajima is a modern active vent of the same Aira caldera volcano. Sakurajima was formed by later activity within the caldera, beginning about 13,000 years ago. [10] It is about 8 km (5 mi) south of the centre of the caldera.
Aira Caldera Kyūshū Unknown 450 Oda Ignimbrite 7 Diamante Caldera Andes, Southern Volcanic Zone Unknown 450 7 Aira Caldera Kyūshū Unknown 500 Yoshino Ignimbrite 7 Toba Caldera Sunda Arc, Sumatra 138 500 Middle Toba Tuff 7 Kobayashi Caldera: Kyūshū Unknown 520 Kobayashi Ignimbrite 6 Galeras Andes, Northern Volcanic Zone Unknown 560 7
Bismarck volcanic arc, Pago volcano, New Britain, Papua New Guinea, is a young post-caldera cone within the Witori Caldera. The Buru Caldera cuts the SW flank of the Witori volcano. [2] Sakurajima, Kyūshū, Japan, is a volcano of the Aira Caldera.
Animation of an analogue experiment showing the origin of a volcanic caldera in box filled with flour Landsat image of Lake Toba, on the island of Sumatra, Indonesia (100 km/62 mi long and 30 km/19 mi wide, one of the world's largest calderas). A resurgent dome formed the island of Samosir. Topographic map of Cagar Alam Rawa Danau Caldera in ...
Human death toll Volcano VEI Location Year Eruption Source(s) 71,000 to 250,100+ Mount Tambora: 7 Indonesia: 1815 1815 eruption of Mount Tambora, Year Without a Summer: 36,000+
[2] [3] In the inner north of the bay the area of the Wakamiko Caldera within the Aira Caldera erupts volcanic gas which when it reaches the surface of the sea is called Tagiri (which means 'to boil' in Japanese). Hydrothermal vents including volcanic chimneys with rare mineral deposition exist on the bay's sea bottom. [4]