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2. Black oxide - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_oxide

   Black oxide or blackening is a conversion coating for ferrous materials, stainless steel, copper and copper based alloys, zinc, powdered metals, and silver solder. [ 1 ] It is used to add mild corrosion resistance, for appearance, and to minimize light reflection. [ 2 ] To achieve maximal corrosion resistance the black oxide must be impregnated ...

3. Aluminium oxide - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium_oxide

   Aluminium oxide is an amphoteric substance, meaning it can react with both acids and bases, such as hydrofluoric acid and sodium hydroxide, acting as an acid with a base and a base with an acid, neutralising the other and producing a salt. Al 2 O 3 + 6 HF → 2 AlF 3 + 3 H 2 O.

4. Anodizing - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anodizing

   Anodizing. These carabiners have an anodized aluminium surface that has been dyed; they are made in many colours. Anodizing is an electrolytic passivation process used to increase the thickness of the natural oxide layer on the surface of metal parts. The process is called anodizing because the part to be treated forms the anode electrode of an ...

5. Bluing (steel) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluing_(steel)

   Bluing, sometimes spelled as blueing, is a passivation process in which steel is partially protected against rust using a black oxide coating. It is named after the blue-black appearance of the resulting protective finish. Bluing involves an electrochemical conversion coating resulting from an oxidizing chemical reaction with iron on the ...

6. Passivation (chemistry) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passivation_(chemistry)

   Passivation involves creation of an outer layer of shield material that is applied as a microcoating, created by chemical reaction with the base material, or allowed to build by spontaneous oxidation in the air. As a technique, passivation is the use of a light coat of a protective material, such as metal oxide, to create a shield against ...

7. Patina - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patina

   Usage. [] On metal, patina is a coating of various chemical compounds such as oxides, carbonates, sulfides, or sulfates formed on the surface during exposure to atmospheric elements (oxygen, rain, acid rain, carbon dioxide, sulfur -bearing compounds). [ 2 ] In common parlance, weathering rust on steel is often mistakenly [ 3 ] referred to as ...