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Urbanization over the past 500 years [12] A global map illustrating the first onset and spread of urban centres around the world, based on. [13]From the development of the earliest cities in Indus valley civilization, Mesopotamia and Egypt until the 18th century, an equilibrium existed between the vast majority of the population who were engaged in subsistence agriculture in a rural context ...
Geographers had identified 25 such areas as of October 2005, [30] as compared with 19 megacities in 2004 and only nine in 1985. This increase has happened as the world's population moves towards the high (75–85%) urbanization levels of North America and Western Europe. Since the 2000s, the largest megacity has been the Greater Tokyo Area.
The top 10 urban areas in 2010 are all separate incorporated places. This list generally refers only to the population of individual urban places within their defined limits at the time of the indicated census. Some of these places have since been annexed or merged into other cities. Other places may have expanded their borders due to such ...
Map of the urban/total population ratio of Indian states, as per the 2011 census. Since 1941, India has witnessed the rapid growth of its four largest metropolitan cities: Kolkata, Delhi, Mumbai, and Chennai. [8] The nation's economy has undergone Industrial Revolution, thus increasing the standard of living of people living in urban areas. [9]
Suburbanization. A suburban land use pattern in the United States (Colorado Springs, Colorado), showing a mix of residential streets and cul-de-sacs intersected by a four-lane road. Suburbanization (American English), also spelled suburbanisation (British English), is a population shift from historic core cities or rural areas into suburbs.
Smart growth. Smart growth is an urban planning and transportation theory that concentrates growth in compact walkable urban centers to avoid sprawl. It also advocates compact, transit-oriented, walkable, bicycle-friendly land use, including neighborhood schools, complete streets, and mixed-use development with a range of housing choices.
With urban growth, the urban-rural gradient has seen a large shift in distribution of humans, moving from low density to very high in the last millennia. This has brought a large change to environments as well as societies. [5] Urbanization transforms natural habitats to completely altered living spaces that sustain large human populations.
Gentrification is the process of change in the character of a neighborhood through the influx of more affluent residents (the " gentry ") and investment. [ 1 ][ 2 ] There is no agreed-upon definition of gentrification. [ 3 ][ 4 ] In public discourse, it has been used to describe a wide array of phenomena, sometimes in a pejorative connotation.