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Social loafing is the tendency for individuals to expend less effort when working collectively than when working individually. [20] Social impact theory considers the extent to which individuals can be viewed as either sources or targets of social influence. When individuals work collectively, the demands of an outside source of social ...
Social loafing is a behavior that organizations want to eliminate. Understanding how and why people become social loafers is critical to the effective functioning, competitiveness and effectiveness of an organization. There are certain examples of social loafing in the workplace that are discussed by James Larsen in his essay "Loafing on the Job".
Norman Triplett. Norman Triplett. Norman Triplett (October 1, 1861 – 1934) was a psychologist at Indiana University. He is best known for conducting one of the earliest experiments in social psychology, on the phenomenon of social facilitation. [1][2][3]
In social psychology, reciprocity is a social norm of responding to a positive action with another positive action, rewarding kind actions. As a social construct, reciprocity means that in response to friendly actions, people are frequently much nicer and much more cooperative than predicted by the self-interest model; conversely, in response to hostile actions they are frequently much more ...
Social facilitation is a social phenomenon in which being in the presence of others improves individual task performance. [ 1 ][ 2 ] That is, people do better on tasks when they are with other people rather than when they are doing the task alone. Situations that elicit social facilitation include coaction, performing for an audience, and ...
Social psychologists view compliance as a means of social influence used to reach goals and attain social or personal gains. Rather than concentrating on an individual's personality or characteristics (that may drive their actions), social psychology focuses on people as a whole and how thoughts, feelings and behaviors allow individuals to ...
Sociology. In the social sciences, a social group is defined as two or more people who interact with one another, share similar characteristics, and collectively have a sense of unity. [1][2] Regardless, social groups come in a myriad of sizes and varieties. For example, a society can be viewed as a large social group.
Organizational citizenship behavior. In industrial and organizational psychology, organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) is a person's voluntary commitment within an organization or company that is not part of his or her contractual tasks. Organizational citizenship behavior has been studied since the late 1970s.