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The title of their invention was simply an "optometrist instrument", and the text described it as an optometer. Patent 1,804,690 was granted to the Greens and Hunsicker in 1931, and sold to Bausch & Lomb (B&L), which had them redesign it (patent 1,873,356, granted 1932). B&L trademarked it as "Greens' Refractor" and introduced it in 1934.
Keratometer. A keratometer, also known as an ophthalmometer, is a diagnostic instrument for measuring the curvature of the anterior surface of the cornea, particularly for assessing the extent and axis of astigmatism. It was invented by the German physiologist Hermann von Helmholtz in 1851, although an earlier model was developed in 1796 by ...
Bausch & Lomb (since 2010 stylized as Bausch + Lomb [2]) is an American-Canadian eye health products company based in Vaughan, Ontario, Canada. It is one of the world's largest suppliers of contact lenses, [3] lens care products, pharmaceuticals, intraocular lenses, and other eye surgery products. [4] [5] The company was founded in Rochester ...
to correct refractive errors of the eye; a little invasive. Phoropter. used in refraction testing. Tonometers. used to determine the intraoccular pressure (IOP) - useful in glaucoma; video link for various types of tonometers. Speculum: to keep the eyes open during any operation. Universal eye speculum.
When the optometer and phorometer were combined into single instruments, the modern refractor/phoropter was born. This happened in the middle 1910s when two companies in the New York City area began to market competing versions. A third US company, Bausch & Lomb, joined the competition in 1934, while the other 2 made improvements.
A stereoscopic rangefinder or stereoscopic telemeter [1] is an optical device that measures distance from the observer to a target, using the observer's capability of binocular vision. It looks similar to a coincidence rangefinder, which uses different principles and has only one eyepiece. German instruments tended to use the stereoscopic ...
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