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Identification with a single racial group: an individual chooses one racial group independently of external forces. Identification as a new racial group: an individual may choose to move fluidly throughout racial groups, but overall identifies with other biracial or multiracial people.
The social construction of racial identity can be referred as a sense of group or collective identity based on one's perception that they share a common heritage with a particular racial group. Racial identity is a surface-level manifestation based on what people look like yet has deep implications in how people are treated. [6]
Race is a categorization of humans based on shared physical or social qualities into groups generally viewed as distinct within a given society. [1] The term came into common usage during the 16th century, when it was used to refer to groups of various kinds, including those characterized by close kinship relations. [2]
State laws established differing standards. For instance, an 1822 Virginia law stated that to be defined as mulatto (that is, multi-racial), a person had to have at least one-quarter (equivalent to one grandparent) African ancestry. [6]: 68 Social acceptance and identity were historically the keys to racial identity. Virginia's one-fourth ...
Many multiracial people have a collection of race/ethnicity identity options to choose from (e.g., Asian, White, Asian and White, biracial, mixed race, etc.) rather than one clear path of racial identification. [34] Racial/ethnic identification is fluid and different identities may become more or less salient over time or in different contexts ...
The term identity politics was (re-)coined by the Combahee River Collective in 1977. [16] The collective group of women saw identity politics as an analysis that introduced opportunity for Black women to be actively involved in politics, while simultaneously acting as a tool to authenticate Black women's personal experiences. [17]
Racial identity was not governed by a rigid descent rule. A Brazilian child was never automatically identified with the racial type of one or both parents, nor were there only two categories to choose from. Over a dozen racial categories are recognized in conformity with the combinations of hair color, hair texture, eye color, and skin color.
Ethnogenesis (from Ancient Greek ἔθνος (éthnos) 'group of people, nation' and γένεσις (génesis) 'beginning, coming into being'; pl. ethnogeneses) is the formation and development of an ethnic group. [1] [2] This can originate by group self-identification or by outside identification.