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Islamic schools and branches have different understandings of Islam. ... [105] and belief in the implausibility of a contradiction between Islam and science. ...
The main schools of Islamic theology include the extant Mu'tazili, Ash'ari, Maturidi, and Athari schools; the extinct ones include the Qadari, Jahmi, Murji', and Batini schools. The main schism between Sunni , Shia , and Khariji branches of Islam was initially more political than theological, but theological differences have developed over time ...
The World Forum for Proximity of Islamic Schools of Thought (WFPIST) as well as Tehran's Ecumenical Society (Persian: مجمع جهانی تقریب مذاهب اسلامی) is a forum that was established in October 1990 by order of Ayatollah Seyed Ali Khamenei in Tehran for the reconciliation between different Islamic schools and branches.
Institutions founded before the colonial era and which are still in operation: . University of Al-Qarawiyyin, Morocco, the oldest existing, continually operating and the first degree-awarding educational institution in the world according to UNESCO and Guinness World Records.
For example, according to Muzaffar Iqbal, Huff's framework of inquiry "is based on the synthetic model of Robert Merton who had made no use of any Islamic sources or concepts dealing with the theory of knowledge or social organization" [5] Each branch of science has its own name, but all branches of science have a common prefix, ilm.
In Southeast Asia, Muslim students have a choice of attending a secular government or an Islamic school. Madrasas or Islamic schools are known as Sekolah Agama (Malay: religious school) in Malaysia and Indonesia, โรงเรียนศาสนาอิสลาม (Thai: school of Islam) in Thailand and madaris in the
Islamic studies scholars are also active in the history and philosophy of science. Significant progress in science was made in the Muslim world during the Middle Ages, especially during the Islamic Golden Age, which is considered a major period in the history of science. Timeline of Islamic science and engineering
The four Sunni Imams founded the four madhhab (schools of thought) recognized in Sunni Islam.While they agree on the foundational principles of fiqh according to the Sunni narrative, their interpretations of certain legal and practical matters differ, which led to the development of the four distinct madhhab.