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Hobson and McCarley originally proposed in the 1970s that the differences in the waking-NREM-REM sleep cycle was the result of interactions between aminergic REM-off cells and cholinergic REM-on cells. [5] This was perceived as the activation-synthesis model, stating that brain activation during REM sleep results in synthesis of dream creation. [1]
Dreams and reports of dreams are produced in distinct states of consciousness resulting in a delay between the dream event and its recall while awake. During this time lag forgetting may occur resulting in an incomplete report. Forgetting is proportional to the amount of time elapsed between the experience and its recall. [2]
A key physiological function of the CA3 is encoding heteroassociative memories using its recurrent circuitry. A seminal hypothesis by John Lisman postulated that during a single theta cycle, a defined set of CA3 principal neurons can activate each other to form a well defined sequence, and the spikes ( action potentials ) of these cells tend to ...
The pyramidal cells give a recurrent excitation which is an important mechanism found in some memory processing microcircuits. [28] Several other connections play important roles in hippocampal function. [20] Beyond the output to the EC, additional output pathways go to other cortical areas including the prefrontal cortex.
As such, it has several functions, which Jung explores in two major works: Man's Discovery of His Soul [C 1] and On the Interpretation of Dreams. [ E 1 ] According to Jacques Montanger, for Jung, the dream is "an organ of information and control with a dual function": [ 2 ] a compensatory and a prospective function, as well as being a ...
Humans spend about two hours dreaming per night, [2] and each dream lasts around 5–20 minutes, although the dreamer may perceive the dream as being much longer than this. [3] The content and function of dreams have been topics of scientific, philosophical and religious interest throughout recorded history.
Some researchers argue that the perpetuation of a complex brain process such as REM sleep indicates that it serves an important function for the survival of mammalian and avian species. It fulfills important physiological needs vital for survival to the extent that prolonged REM sleep deprivation leads to death in experimental animals.
The best known example is the Necker cube whose 12 lines can be perceived in one of two different ways in depth. The Necker Cube: The left line drawing can be perceived in one of two distinct depth configurations shown on the right. Without any other cue, the visual system flips back and forth between these two interpretations. [14]